Lung cancer stage 3 4 causes treatment symptoms non-small cells carcinoma USMLE NCLEX MCAT 3minuts
Lung cancer is the second most common cause of death in man and women. It is the second cause overall in men after prostate cancer and women after breast cancer
All forms of lung cancer are associated with smoking
Symptoms can vary from shortness of breath, cough, hemoptysis, weight loss, and recurrent pneumonias
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Represents 90% of Lung cancer
1 Squamous cell
• Is a central Cancer
• Predominates in male
• Linked to smoking
2 Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Characterised by
• Transit disorders as constipation
• Kidney stones
• PTH-rp
• High Calcium
3 Adenocarcinoma
• Is a peripheral Cancer
• Same frequency in man and woman
• It is not linked to smoking
• CEA +
• Effusion exudate: High Hyaluronidase
4 Large Cell
It is peripheral
It is linked to smoking
To stage the NSCLC, we use the TNM classification
T stand for size N for Lymph nods and M for the presence or not Metastases.
The TNM nomenclature makes it possible to arrange cancer in several stages:
• Stage 0: is treated by surgery
• Stage I: In addition to surgery we use radiations
• Stage II and IIIA: We use three therapies: Surgery+ Radiation+ Chemotherapy.
• Stage IIIB & IV (Metastases): Radiation+ Chemotherapy
Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
It is a Paraneoplastic Syndrome
The cancer is central and is linked to smoking
It is characterised by the presence of Oat cells
And it is always disseminated.
We distinguish 3 categories:
• SIADH: Syndrome of Increase ADH
Old smoker with euvolemic hyponatremia + Hyperkaliemia
He necessitates fluid restriction and 3% Saline
• Cushing Syndrome
Ask for 8 milligrams Dexamethasone Suppression test
High Cortisol High ACTH
• Lambert Eaton Syndrome
Weakness of muscular arms closer to the trunk improve with exercise. Opposite myasthenia gravis
SCLS treatment:
Initial stages: Chemotherapy and radiations. Late stages chemotherapy alone
Other Cases of Lung Cancer
Vena Cava Superior Syndrome
Horner Syndrome
Pancoast Syndrome
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