Bladder Cancer it's causes, sign & symptoms,Risk factors, complications and treatment.

Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that begins in your bladder — a balloon-shaped organ in your pelvic area that stores urine. Bladder cancer begins most often in the cells that line the inside of the bladder. Bladder cancer typically affects older adults, though it can occur at any age.

SYMPTOMS
Bladder cancer signs and symptoms may include:
Blood in urine (hematuria) — urine may appear dark yellow, bright red or cola colored. Or urine may appear normal, but blood may be detected in a microscopic examination of the urine
Frequent urination
Painful urination
Back pain
Pelvic pain

CAUSES

It's not always clear what causes bladder cancer. Bladder cancer has been linked to smoking, a parasitic infection, radiation and chemical exposure.

Bladder cancer develops when cells in the bladder begin to grow abnormally. Rather than grow and divide in an orderly way, these cells develop mutations that cause them to grow out of control and not die. These abnormal cells form a tumor.

Types of bladder cancer

Different types of cells in your bladder can become cancerous. The type of bladder cell where cancer begins determines the type of bladder cancer. Your bladder cancer type determines which treatments may work best for you. Types of bladder cancer include:

Transitional cell carcinoma. Transitional cell carcinoma occurs in the cells that line the inside of your bladder. Transitional cells expand when your bladder is full and contract when your bladder is empty. These same cells line the inside of your ureters and your urethra, and tumors can form in those places as well. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer in the United States.

Squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cells appear in your bladder in response to infection and irritation. Over time they can become cancerous. Squamous cell bladder cancer is rare in the United States. It's more common in parts of the world where a certain parasitic infection (schistosomiasis) is a prevalent cause of bladder infections.

Adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma begins in cells that make up mucus-secreting glands in the bladder. Adenocarcinoma of the bladder is rare in the United States.

Some bladder cancers include more than one type of cell.

RISK FACTORS

Factors that may increase your risk of bladder cancer include:

Smoking. 
Increasing age. 
Being white. 
Being a man. 
Exposure to certain chemicals. 
Previous cancer treatment. 
Taking a certain diabetes medication. 
Chronic bladder inflammation. 
Personal or family history of cancer. 

COMPLICATIONS

Bladder cancer often recurs. Because of this, bladder cancer survivors often undergo follow-up testing for years after successful treatment. What tests you'll undergo and how often will depend on your type of bladder cancer and your treatment, among other factors.

TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS

Tests and procedures used to diagnose bladder cancer may include:
Cystoscopy. 
Biopsy. 
Urine cytology
Imaging tests. 
CT scan
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Bone scan
Chest X-ray
Bladder cancer stages

The stages of bladder cancer are:
Stage I. Cancer at this stage occurs in the bladder's inner lining but hasn't invaded the muscular bladder wall.
Stage II. At this stage, cancer has invaded the bladder wall but is still confined to the bladder.
Stage III. The cancer cells have spread through the bladder wall to surrounding tissue. They may also have spread to the prostate in men or the uterus or vagina in women.
Stage IV. By this stage, cancer cells may have spread to the lymph nodes and other organs, such as your lungs, bones or liver.

TREATMENTS AND DRUGS


surgical procedure
chemotherapy
radiotherapy
immunotherapy
#bladdercancer
#Dr_Abdul_Ghani

• Category

  Bladder Cancer