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Adenoid cystic carcinoma of skin (AIP France 2021 - bonus case) dermpath dermatology pathology
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of skin (AIP France 2021 - bonus case) dermpath dermatology pathology administrator 5 Views • 2 years ago

This video is an excerpt from my one-day dermpath course in Paris, France, on October 8, 2021, for the Academie Internationale de Pathologie – Division Française (IAP French division).
Full 5 hour video of the entire course is available for free here:
https://kikoxp.com/posts/8361.
WSI digital slide: https://kikoxp.com/posts/6679
Video discussing adenoid BCC vs adenoid cystic carcinoma here (at 41:31): https://kikoxp.com/posts/6682

Here's a case report we published about primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (not the same case as this slide): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25062259/

A complete organized library of all my videos, digital slides, pics, & sample pathology reports is available here: https://kikoxp.com/posts/5084 (dermpath) & https://kikoxp.com/posts/5083 (bone/soft tissue sarcoma pathology).

Please check out my Soft Tissue Pathology & Dermatopathology survival guide textbooks: http://bit.ly/2Te2haB

This video is geared towards medical students, pathology or dermatology residents, or practicing pathologists or dermatologists. Of course, this video is for educational purposes only and is not formal medical advice or consultation.

Presented by Jerad M. Gardner, MD. Please subscribe to my channel to be notified of new pathology teaching videos.

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Alport Syndrome, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.
Alport Syndrome, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment. administrator 4 Views • 2 years ago

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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
1:01 Causes of Alport Syndrome
4:06 Symptoms of Alport Syndrome
4:47 Diagnosis for Alport Syndrome
5:18 Treatment of Alport Syndrome





Alport syndrome is a genetic disorder[1] affecting around 1 in 5,000-10,000 children,[2] characterized by glomerulonephritis, end-stage kidney disease, and hearing loss.[3] Alport syndrome can also affect the eyes, though the changes do not usually affect vision, except when changes to the lens occur in later life. Blood in urine is universal. Proteinuria is a feature as kidney disease progresses.

The disorder was first identified in a British family by the physician Cecil A. Alport in 1927.[4][5] Alport syndrome once also had the label hereditary nephritis, but this is misleading as there are many other causes of hereditary kidney disease and 'nephritis'.

Alport syndrome is caused by an inherited defect in type IV collagen—a structural material that is needed for the normal function of different parts of the body. Since type IV collagen is found in the ears, eyes, and kidneys, this explains why Alport syndrome affects different seemingly unrelated parts of the body (ears, eyes, kidneys, etc.). These descriptions refer to 'classic' Alport syndrome, which usually causes significant disease from young adult or late childhood life.[6] Some individuals, usually with milder mutations or 'carrier' status, develop disease later, or show only some of the features of classic disease.[citation needed]
Chronic kidney disease

Blood in urine is a usual feature of Alport syndrome from early infancy, identifiable on urine dipsticks. In young children, episodes of visible (macroscopic) haematuria may occur. Protein begins to appear in urine as the disease progresses. This is now regarded as an indication for treatment with ACE inhibitors. Progressive loss of kidney function (reflected clinically by increases in serum creatinine or decreases in estimated glomerular filtration rate) can occur and may require treatment with renal replacement: dialysis or a kidney transplant.[7]
Hearing loss

Alport syndrome can also cause hearing loss although some patients are not affected.[8] Hearing in Alport syndrome patients is normal at birth. Hearing loss in affected patients develops progressively, usually at the stage when kidney function is normal, but there is substantial proteinuria. However, in some patients, hearing loss is only noted after kidney function has been lost. Characteristically the early changes are reduced ability to hear high-frequency sounds, 'sensory neural deafness'. This becomes more severe and affects lower frequencies too. Hearing loss is not usually complete in Alport syndrome; good communication is almost always possible with the use of hearing aids.[9]
Leiomyomatosis

Diffuse leiomyomatosis of the oesophagus and tracheobronchial tree has been reported in some families with Alport syndrome. Symptoms usually appear in late childhood and include dysphagia, postprandial vomiting, substernal or epigastric pain, recurrent bronchitis, dyspnea, cough, and stridor. Leiomyomatosis is confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scanning or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).[10]
Eye changes

Various eye abnormalities are often seen including lenticonus, keratoconus, cataracts and corneal erosion as well as retinal flecks in the macula and mid-periphery.[11] These rarely threaten vision. Lenticonus (cone-shaped lens) can be treated by replacement of the lens, as for cataracts. Mild keratoconus can be managed with hard, scleral, piggy-back or other specialty medical contact lenses; progressive cases may be halted with corneal collagen cross linking; and severe cases may require a corneal transplant.[12] Macular abnormalities such as incomplete foveal hypoplasia or staircase foveopathy are common in Alport syndrome.[13]

It may also be associated with retinitis pigmentosa.[14]
Other abnormalities

Aortic dissection has been described very rarely in patients with early-onset disease.[6] Leiomyomas, tumours of smooth muscle affecting the oesophagus and female genital tract, may occur in a rare overlap syndrome involving the adjacent COL4A5 and COL4A6 genes.[15]

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndromes
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndromes administrator 3 Views • 2 years ago

This video discusses the three most common MEN syndromes (MEN 1, MEN2A, MEN2B) by providing useful mnemonics as well as a brief explanation of commonly associated tumors (e.g., pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma).

This individual GI lecture video has been clipped directly from the comprehensive GI lecture series videos and may therefore contain errors associated with this process. You can find the “GI Lecture Series” playlist on the channel to watch the full lecture videos in their entirety.

Studying for board examinations can be daunting, with every resource offering a unique take on each medical condition. I created this channel to provide medical students - especially those studying for USMLE Step 1 and COMLEX Level 1 - with a "one-stop-shop" for medical content. For each lecture, I synthesized information from almost every major medical resource to provide you with a comprehensive and integrated lesson plan. I emphasize the pathophysiology of each disease so that you can leave each lecture with a detailed understanding of the material instead of memorizing hundreds of random facts.

All content discussed within the lecture series is designed for educational purposes only and should not substitute clinical judgment.

Original material in this lecture series may be redistributed provided that proper attribution is utilized. Please use “
https://www.youtube.com/@doc.smoove” when attributing source material.

Errata:

Timestamps:
0:00 Overview
1:36 MEN1
2:33 MEN2A
5:57 MEN2B

Pancreatic Cancer and Immunotherapy with Dr. Elizabeth M. Jaffee
Pancreatic Cancer and Immunotherapy with Dr. Elizabeth M. Jaffee administrator 4 Views • 2 years ago

Join Dr. Elizabeth Jaffee of the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins for a Q&A discussion about immunotherapies in clinical trials for pancreatic cancer. #CRIsummit #Immunotherapy #pancsm https://www.cancerresearch.org/virtualsummit  

There are limited effective treatments for most patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. It is the world's most lethal cancer and the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Pancreatic cancer has taken the lives of Alex Trebek, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg, and civil rights activist Senator John Lewis. Pancreatic cancer patients are highly encouraged to seek clinical trials and many trials testing new immunotherapies are showing glimmers of hope. https://www.cancerresearch.org..../immunotherapy/cance

00:00 – Welcome from Tamron Hall
00:59 – Pancreatic Cancer and the Immune System
8:16 – Future of Cancer Immunotherapy
10:17 – Live Q&A

Dr. Jaffee begins the session with an overview of the characteristics of pancreatic cancer that allow it to hide from the immune system. There are three areas of research that are helping scientists understand how to awaken the immune system with immunotherapy: understanding how to bypass immune suppressive signals in the tumor microenvironment, understanding tumor heterogeneity, and developing quality T cells that have the ability to enter the tumor. Dr. Jaffee discussed promising clinical trials that combine immunotherapies with each other or other anti-cancer treatments to help induce a response to immune resistant tumors like pancreatic cancer.

Dr. Jaffe then address questions from the audience, including:
- What are some of the most common targets for vaccination?
- Is immunotherapy an immediate option? Is it generally recommended you undergo other types of anti-cancer treatments first?
- I would like to hear more about “compassionate use” and "off-label" use of immunotherapies in cancer. Is off-label access more commonly used in advanced stage cancers? What might be the criteria for use in non-advanced stage cancers?
- I lost my mother, brother, and aunt to pancreatic cancer. Why is pancreatic cancer so often diagnosed late? Are there any new early detection tests for pancreatic cancer?
- I would like to know if there is a role for immunotherapy in preventing recurrence, including after chemotherapy and/or after the Whipple procedure?
- Where can I find a pancreatic cancer immunotherapy clinical trial?
- What are common side effects of immunotherapy that your patients have experienced?
- Are there any tests to predict who might have a bad response to immunotherapy?
- Are you more susceptible to COVID-19 as a cancer patient?
- I am concerned about the safety of the new COVID-19 vaccines. Is it safe to get the vaccine if you have cancer?
- In your opinion, is telemedicine changing or potentially improving patient experiences on a clinical trial? How has your practice changed in the face of COVID-19?

Dr. Elizabeth M. Jaffee is an international leader in the development of immune-based therapies for pancreatic and breast cancers, specifically therapeutic vaccines. She is the Dana and Albert “Cubby” Broccoli Professor of Oncology at Johns Hopkins University, where she also serves as the deputy director of the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the associate director of the Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy. She the past chair of the National Cancer Advisory Board for the National Cancer Institute, a past president of the American Association for Cancer Research, and was recently elected to the National Academy of Medicine. Dr. Jaffee has received numerous awards in recognition of her contributions, including CRI’s 2019 William B. Coley Award for Distinguished Research in Tumor Immunology. She is a member of the Cancer Research Institute Scientific Advisory Council and Clinical Leadership Team. https://www.cancerresearch.org..../about-cri/scientifi

Established in 1953, the Cancer Research Institute (CRI) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization dedicated to harnessing our immune system’s power to control and potentially cure all cancers. Our mission: Save more lives by fueling the discovery and development of powerful immunotherapies for all types of cancer. To accomplish this, we rely on donor support and collaborative partnerships to fund and carry out the most innovative clinical and laboratory research around the world, support the next generation of the field’s leaders, and serve as the trusted source of information on immunotherapy for cancer patients and their caregivers. https://www.cancerresearch.org

Cancer Research Institute is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit under EIN 13-1837442. Donations are tax-deductible to the fullest extent allowable under the law.

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