Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor(GIST)(#shorts)|What causes a GIST?

This video enumerates the high yield aspects of GIST including pathogenesis, morphological features, clinical features, and treatment aspects.


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Common mesenchymal tumor of GI Tract
Arises from the interstitial cells of Cajal within the myenteric plexus of the muscularis propria
Extragastrointestinal GIST: GIST arising outside of the gastrointestinal tract Common sites include -omentum, mesentery, retroperitoneum,pleura
Carney triad- a nonhereditary syndrome of GIST, paraganglioma, and pulmonary chondroma that occurs primarily in females.
GIST tumors can also be seen as a part of neurofibromatosis type 1.
Majority of GIST tumors have KIT or PDGFRA mutation. Both trigger the troskine kinase receptor phosporylation leading to cell growth proliferation and survival.
GISTs without mutated KIT or PDGFRA often have mutations in genes encoding components of the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD)cycle.
Mutations causing loss of succinate dehydrogenase function, are often inherited in the germline and confer an increased risk for GIST,pulmonary chondroma and paraganglioma (Carney-Stratakis syndrome).
Gross Findings:
-GISTs averages 5-6 cm with size varying from 0.5-40 cm in diameter.
-They usually form a solitary, well-circumscribed, fleshy mass.
-The overlying mucosa is frequently ulcerated, and the cut tumor surface has a fleshy, tan-pink, whorled appearance with occasional areas of haemorrhage, cystic changes.
-Metastases can form multiple serosal nodules throughout the peritoneal cavity or within the liver, but spread outside of the abdomen is uncommon.
GISTs are classified as:-
Spindle cell type : proliferation of thin spindle cells
Epithelioid type: proliferation of plumper, epithelial-appearing cells
Mixtures of the two patterns are common.
The most useful diagnostic markers are DOG1,KIT (CD117), which is immunohistochemically detectable in Cajal cells and 95% of gastric GISTs.
CD34, PDGFRa may also stain positive.
Negative for SMA(variable), S100
More common in 6th decade,males and females with almost equal incidence
Symptoms of GISTs at presentation are typically related to mass effects.
Mucosal ulceration can cause blood loss, and approximately half of individuals with GISTs present with anemia or related symptoms.
GISTs may also be discovered incidentally during radiologic imaging, endoscopy, or abdominal surgery performed for other reasons.
Complete surgical resection is the primary treatment for localized gastric GIST.
The prognosis correlates with tumor size, mitotic index, and location, with gastric GISTs being less aggressive than those arising in the small intestine.
Recurrence or metastasis is rare for gastric GISTs smaller than 5 cm but common for mitotically active tumors larger than 10 cm.
Tumors with mutations in KIT or PDGFRA often respond to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, whereas tumors without these mutations are generally resistant.



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Translated titles:
Tumores del estroma gastrointestinal|GIST (#shorts)¿Qué causa un GIST?usmle,neetpg,plab,fmge

Gastrointestinale Stromatumoren|GIST (#shorts)Was verursacht einen GIST?usmle,neetpg,plab,fmge

Tumeurs stromales gastro-intestinales|GIST (#shorts)Quelles sont les causes d'un GIST ?usmle,neetpg

Tumores estromais gastrointestinais|GIST (#shorts)O que causa um GIST?usmle,neetpg,plab,fmge

गैस्ट्रोइंटेस्टाइनल स्ट्रोमल ट्यूम

Tumor stroma gastrointestinal|GIST (#shorts)Apa yang menyebabkan GIST?usmle,neetpg,plab,fmge

ਗੈਸਟਰੋਇੰਟੇਸਟਾਈਨਲ ਸਟ੍ਰੋਮਲ ਟਿਊਮਰ|GIST (#shorts

Стромальные опухоли желудочно-кишечного тракта|GIST (#shor

Gastrointestinal stromal tümörler|GIST (#shorts)GIST'e ne sebep olur?usmle,neetpg,plab,fmge

Khối u mô đệm đường tiêu hóa | GIST (#shorts) Nguyên nhân gây ra GIST? Usmle, neetpg,

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor - GIST || Ultrasound || Doppler || Case 144

Clinical Features:
- A 51 years old male patient came with left abdominal pain & a palpable lump.

Ultrasound Features:
- A fairly large irregular heterogeneous solid mass with internal cystic spaces & no calcification is noted at the left lumbar region, adjacent to the abdominal aorta, adherent to small bowel with no communication with bowel lumen.
- Color Doppler shows predominantly peripheral vascularity with the moderate resistant arterial flow (RI~0.7) arising from the abdominal aorta & its branches.
- No ascites & lymphadenopathy.

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What is Cancer? Simply put, cancer occurs when cells in the body start to grow out of control.

In this video, experts focus on the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment procedures of two types of cancers. They are soft tissue sarcomas, which begin in the soft tissues of the body, and gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), which begin in the gastrointestinal tract.

Chaptering
==========
0:00 - Introduction
0:37 - 4 Major Types of Sarcomas
0:59 - Soft Tissue Sarcoma
3:25 - Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST)
4:09 - Treatment for GIST
5:03 - National Cancer Centre hotlines

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Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST): Symptoms And Prevention

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