Retinoblastoma - Childhood

Retinoblastoma - EYE CANCER In Children And How To Catch It With The Red Reflex Test
Retinoblastoma - EYE CANCER In Children And How To Catch It With The Red Reflex Test administrator 2 Views • 2 years ago

The most common type of eye cancer in children is a Retinoblastoma. Dr. EyeGuy goes over the signs, symptoms, and treatments for a retinoblastoma. Also how you can detect a retinoblastoma using the red reflex test, or the red reflection you might see in pictures of you children's eyes.

RESOURCES:
The PhotoRED Technique:
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Retinoblastoma Info: https://rb.gy/adn9wk
Retinoblastoma: A Guide For Children: https://amzn.to/32POmOZ
Retinoblastoma Support Shirt: https://amzn.to/3dRU8WY
Retinoblastoma Charity: https://nationalpcf.org/retinoblastoma/

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IN THIS VIDEO:
You likely have come across the "red eye" in pictures. This red eye reflection is a normal reflection of light from the inside of the eye. There are certain eye conditions that can cause a dim red reflex, or even a white reflex called leukocoria. Leukocoria can be sign of a rare eye cancer found in children called a retinoblastoma. This video will go over why you might see this white reflex. Also the signs, symptoms, and treatments of a retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma is mainly found in children 3 years and younger, and can get it in one eye or both eyes. It's caused by a genetic mutation, and can be inherited. The two hit hypothesis explains it can be both inherited and also have another genetic mutation. The red reflex test can be important in detecting a retinoblastoma in your children.
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DISCLAIMER: This video and description contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the product links, I’ll receive a small commission.

This video is NOT SPONSORED, but this description contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the product links, I may receive a small commission at no additional cost to you.

What is discussed in this video:
0:00 Intro
0:29 The importance of the red eye reflex
1:55 Retinoblastoma causes, symptoms, treatments
5:22 How to use the red reflex to detect a retinoblastoma

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Picture Credit
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Retinoblastoma retina picture
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Coats disease
Peter Puype, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Sandra Brown, M.D. - University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Genetics WassermanLab, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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#retinoblastoma #eyecancer #redreflex

Retinoblastoma | Ophthalmology Video Lecture | Medical Student V-Learning | sqadia.com
Retinoblastoma | Ophthalmology Video Lecture | Medical Student V-Learning | sqadia.com administrator 2 Views • 2 years ago

Retinoblastoma arises when tumour suppressor functions in the Retina are affected by the Mutations in the RB1 gene. This V-Learning™ lecture on Retinoblastoma elucidates the stages i.e. intraocular and extraocular stage of retinoblastoma along with their sub-stages. Details about classifications are also given. Likewise, treatment is elaborated including Cancer Chemotherapy, palliative therapy and enucleation.

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Lecture Duration: 00:45:32
Released: September 2019

Full List of Ophthalmology:
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Tumours of the Retina are classified into primary tumours and secondary tumours. Moving on, retinoblastoma is elaborated which is a Cancer associated with Mutations in the retinoblastoma gene i.e. RB1 gene in the retina. Its heritable or germline cases and non-heritable or somatic cases are also discussed where the consequences related to RB1 gene are reported.

The intraocular stage of retinoblastoma delineates the two stages of growth pattern of retinoblastoma. One is the endophytic retinoblastoma which develops towards the vitreous cavity while the other is the exophytic retinoblastoma which is observed between the sensory Retina and retinal pigment Epithelium. Furthermore, Reese-Ellsworth classification comes under consideration along with ICRB classification.

Stage of extraocular extension is also highlighted. After explaining retinoblastoma diagnosis, the retinal Cancer Treatment is accomplished through chemotherapy, focal therapy, and palliative therapy. Likewise, surgical method is also elaborated over here which include enucleation and artificial prosthetic eye. At the end, light is shed on phacomatoses.
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6. Tumour Suppressor Genes (Retinoblastoma and the two hit hypothesis, p53)
6. Tumour Suppressor Genes (Retinoblastoma and the two hit hypothesis, p53) administrator 5 Views • 2 years ago

Cancers occur as a result of damage (in the form of mutations) to a cells DNA that results in the formation of malfunctioning proteins. The mutated proteins give the cancerous cells a number of specific traits, outlined in the 'hallmarks of cancer' (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ea-CALtn7hA).

The genes that are mutated in cancers can be divided into two groups - tumour suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes.

Tumour suppressor genes are genes that produce proteins that are involved in stopping mutated cells from dividing, and also act as the brakes on the cell cycle at its various checkpoints.

The retinoblastoma gene is a gene that is involved in stopping cells from crossing the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle, preventing cells from entering S phase and replicating their DNA in preparation for cell division.

For the retinoblastoma gene to be rendered inactive, it needs a mutation in both of its copies (alleles). This is explained by the 'two hit hypothesis'.

P53 is another example of a significant tumour suppressor gene. It is active during the cell cycle, acting by halting damaged cells at the checkpoints and then ordering the cell to destroy itself by the process of apoptosis.

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