Eosinophil is a type of disease fighting white blood cells. In this video you will learn about Eosinophils.

Queries solved in this video:
00:00 | Introduction
00:28 | what is Eosinophil
01:29 | Structure of Eosinophil
02:00 | Function of Eosinophils
02:25 | Eosinophils Normal Range in blood
02:36 | Terms used for High and Low Eosinophils
02:59 | Eosinophilia causes (High Eosinophils)
03:23 | Eosinopenia Causes (Low Eosinophils)

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Dr. Ebraheim’s educational animated video describes the condition of Vertebral Plana Eosinophilic Granuloma.

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Eosinophilic Granuloma Vertebral Plana
Vertebra Plana is a flattened vertebra in the spine, and it is associated with eosinophilic granuloma. Eosinophilic granuloma is a tumor like condition due to proliferation of the histiocytes. It is called histiocytosis X or Langerhans histiocytosis X. Eosinophilic granuloma can occur in any bone in the skeleton. It can also occur in the skin and in the skull. Eosinophilic granuloma also has a visceral involvement. Eosinophilic granuloma is called the great imitator. It looks similar to many lesions such as osteomyelitis, Ewing’s sarcoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and fibrous dysplasia. The condition of eosinophilic granuloma is common in the spine, and it may cause flattening of the vertebra called “vertebra plana”. Vertebra plana has many names such as “pancake vertebra” or “coin on edge vertebra”. The vertebral body loses its height anteriorly and posteriorly, and it is most common in the thoracic spine. This complete compression of the vertebra can lead to back pain or neck pain and kyphosis. If this magnitude of compression occurs in the elderly patient, usually it is due to osteoporosis. If it occurs in the younger patient (usually between 2-10 years old), then it is due to eosinophilic granuloma. It is usually a single vertebra is affected. With collapse of multiple vertebrae, look for other reasons such as lymphoma, Gaucher disease, mucopolysaccharides and metastatic disease. When eosinophilic granuloma is seen in bones, it usually appears as a focal destruction of bone and is usually seen in children under the age of 10 years. The lesion may appear very aggressive; however, it is benign, self-limited, and it will heal spontaneously. It affects the vertebral body more than the posterior elements of the spine. Biopsy is usually not needed, especially if the patient has the characteristic history and x-ray appearance. The disc height is maintained and no involvement of the posterior element. There will be large cells. The histiocytes have a clear cytoplasm and a single large, oval nucleus or “bean shaped” nuclei. These cells do not have nuclear atypia or nuclear mitosis, so it is not malignant cells. These cells are called Langerhans cells. The Langerhans cells are grouped “coffee bean shaped” nuclei with abundant cytoplasm. You also find eosinophils (smaller cells) with bilobed nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm (pink). The eosinophils may be found in large numbers. You may also find birbeck granules under electron microscopy (tennis racket shaped structures) inside the Langerhans cells. Ewing’s sarcoma will have round, blue nuclei. Osteomyelitis will have mixed inflammatory cells. Eosinophilic granuloma is self-limited, usually managed conservatively. The spine lesions usually resolve spontaneously. Bracing may prevent progressive deformity of the spine and correct the deformity in the majority of cases. Vertebral lesions usually regain about 50% of its height back. If the patient has no neurological deficit, then follow the lesion and treat it nonoperatively. 10% of the patients with a spine lesion may need surgery for deformity correction or to relieve severe neurologic deficit. Low dose radiation (about 500-900 rads) may be indicated if there is neurological deficit, especially if surgical decompression of the lesion is not possible.

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In this presentation from the 2016 US Focus on Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Myelodysplastic Syndromes, held August 26-27 in Alexandria, VA, Dr. Jason R. Gotlib discusses the biology and therapy of eosinophilic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).

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APFED's Webinar Series Presents... Answers from Experts

Is the “Total Eosinophilic Count” the most important thing to consider in terms of diagnosis?

Philip E. Putnam, MD, FAAP
Director of Endoscopy Services
Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati

Glenn T. Furuta, MD
Director, Gastrointestinal Eosinophil Diseases Program
Professor of Pediatrics Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado

Sandeep Gupta, MD
Director of Endoscopy
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics and Clinical Medicine
Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine

Created through a collaboration between the American Partnership for Eosinophilic Disordershttp://www.APFED.org and the Center for Managing Chronic Disease at the University of Michiganhttp://cmcd.sph.umich.edu.