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Practice Essentials
Craniopharyngiomas are dysontogenic tumors with benign histology and malignant behavior. These lesions have a tendency to invade surrounding structures and to recur after a seemingly total resection. Craniopharyngiomas most frequently arise in the pituitary stalk and project into the hypothalamus. They extend horizontally along the path of least resistance in various directions.

Signs and symptoms
The time interval between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis usually ranges from 1 to 2 years.

The most common presenting symptoms are headache (55-86%), endocrine dysfunction (66-90%), and visual disturbances (37-68%). Headache is slowly progressive, dull, continuous, and positional; it becomes severe in most patients when endocrine symptoms become obvious.

Diagnosis
The diagnostic evaluation of craniopharyngioma includes high-definition brain imaging. Brain MRI with and without contrast is the gold standard. The use of computed tomography (CT) scan is optional and can show the common calcifications that can be seen in these tumors. However, it is important to note that a CT is not specific enough as a standalone diagnostic test.

Management
Essentially, two main management options are available for craniopharyngiomas: (1) attempt a gross total resection or (2) perform a planned subtotal resection followed by radiotherapy or some other adjuvant therapy.

Agents/modalities used in the treatment of craniopharyngioma include (1) radiation therapy applied as external fractionated radiation, stereotactic radiation, or brachytherapy (intracavitary irradiation) and (2) bleomycin for local intracystic chemotherapy.

#Craniopharyngioma #cnstumors #braintumors #mbbs #usmle #usmlestep1 #neetpg #nationalexittest #nationalexitexam #nationalmedicalcommission #fmge

Learn more at http://www.virginiachildbraintumor.org and http://www.wvchildbraintumor.org !

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Craniopharyngioma
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A brain tumor arising from pituitary embryonic tissue. It is typically suprasellar and has solid and cystic components. Age of onset can occur in childhood (about age 10-15) or adulthood (about age 50-70). There are adamantinomatous, papillary, and mixed types. Adamantinomatous tumors are more common in children and papillary tumors are more common in adults. It is usually slow growing, and symptoms arise from compression of surrounding structures or increased intracranial pressure. Presenting symptoms include visual loss (most commonly superior temporal quadrantanopsia), headache, hormonal imbalances leading to delayed puberty in children, amenorrhea, hypersomnia, diabetes insipidus, and/or decreased libido. These tumors are usually benign with good prognosis, but often recur after incomplete resection.

Best Tests
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Head CT may show a solid and cystic mass, which can be bright in some types due to calcification.

Brain MRI with and without gadolinium typically shows a suprasellar cystic lesion that enhances with contrast.

Biopsy, usually done with tumor resection, confirms the diagnosis.

Craniopharyngioma is a benign (noncancerous) tumor that arises along the pituitary stalk and gland. They can cause vision, hormonal loss, headaches, and growth failure in children. Dr. Daniel Kelly, Pacific Neuroscience Institute founder, and world-renowned Neurosurgeon, talks about diagnosis, surgical treatment, post-op management, and PNI's approach to treating patients with craniopharyngioma.

Watch and learn about the Pacific Neuroscience Institute's start of the art endoscopic endonasal and supraorbital keyhole surgical approach. Along with our multidisciplinary team consisting of neurosurgeons, endocrinologists, neuro-ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons, endocrinologists, radiation oncologists, otolaryngologists, neuroradiologists.

https://www.pacificneuroscienc....einstitute.org/pitui

310-582-7450
#craniopharyngioma
#pacificneuro