So this topic is about adrenal tumors and some of the really common questions that they actually test on step 1 and Nclex. So before anything starts off on, just the basics of physiology, what pituitary gland does is that it releases hormones, one of the hormones it releases is ACTH. Now, what does ACTH do? It goes to both of your adrenal glands, adrenal glands one and adrenal glands two. And once it goes to the adrenal gland what does it do? It helps actually stimulate the release of cortisol and aldosterone on both sides. Now, not only does it stimulate the release of hormones, it actually causes the growth of cells, especially the cells and the glands here. This, basically endocrine gland requires ACTH to remain alive and to grow. Okay, so there are two things that ACTH is doing,
it is actually inhibiting apoptosis, and
actually causing the gland to grow more or to proliferate and to stay alive.

The tumour size was 6.5 cm in diameter and it was dissected using laparoscopy. It was place in a bag and removed by extending the umbilical port incision.

Gary Hammer, M.D., Director of the Adrenal Cancer Program at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center discusses whether genetics play a role in this cancer.

Neuroblastoma:
Showing small, round blue tumor cells with faintly eosinophilic fibrillary material (neuropil) that corresponds to neuritic processes of the primitive neuroblasts. Typical Homer-Wright pseudorosettes are seen, in which the tumor cells are concentrically arranged about a central space filled with neuropil.
Paraganglioma
Tumors are composed of clusters of polygonal to spindle shaped chromaffin cells or chief cells with finely granular cytoplasm and salt-and-pepper nuclear chromatin. Tumor cells are surrounded by supporting sustentacular cells, creating small nests or alveoli (zellballen) that are supplied by a rich vascular network.
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Gary Hammer, M.D., Director of the Adrenal Cancer Program at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center explains what adrenal cancer is and describes symptoms.