VAGINAL CANCER( योनि का कैंसर)

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Vaginal cancer happens when cancerous cells grow in your vagina.

Squamous cell carcinoma. This is by far the more common. It happens when cancer forms in the flat, thin cells that line your vagina. This type spreads slowly and tends to stay close to where it starts, but it can move into other places like your liver, lungs, or bones. Older women are most likely to get this form. Nearly half of all new cases are in women ages 60 and up.

Adenocarcinoma. This type starts in glandular cells in the lining of your vagina, which make mucus and other fluids. It’s more likely to spread to other areas, including your lungs and the lymph nodes (small organs that filter out harmful things in your body) in your groin.

Clear cell carcinoma. This is an even rarer form of adenocarcinoma. It often affects women whose mothers took a hormone called diethylstilbestrol (DES) in the early months of pregnancy. Between 1938 and 1971, doctors often prescribed this medication to prevent miscarriage and other problems.

Even more rarely, vaginal cancer can form in connective tissue or muscle cells (sarcoma) or in cells that make pigments (melanoma).

Some cases of vaginal cancer don’t have a clear cause. But most are linked to infection with the human papillomavirus, or HPV. This is the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD). An HPV infection most often goes away on its own, but if it lingers, it can lead to cervical and vaginal cancer.

Vaginal cancer often doesn’t cause symptoms. Your doctor might find it during a routine exam or Pap test.

If you have symptoms, they can include:

Unusual bleeding from your vagina

Watery or bad-smelling discharge from your vagina

Pain in your pelvis

Pain when having sex

Pain when peeing

Peeing more than usual

Constipation

A lump in your vagina

If a pelvic exam or a Pap test shows signs of a problem, your doctor may want to take a closer look by doing a colposcopy. They’ll use a lighted magnifying tool called a colposcope to check your vagina and cervix for anything unusual.

They might also take out a bit of tissue so a specialist can look at it under a microscope. This is called a biopsy.

Stage I: The cancer is only in your vaginal wall.

Stage II: It has spread to the tissue around your vagina.

Stage III: Cancer is in the wall of your pelvis.

Stage IVa: The cancer has reached the lining of your bladder, the lining of your rectum, or another area of your pelvis.

Stage IVb: It has spread to farther parts of your body like your lungs or bones.

You and your doctor will decide on treatment based on many things, including how close the cancer is to other organs, its stage, whether you’ve had radiation treatment in your pelvic area, and whether you’ve had a hysterectomy to remove your uterus.

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  Vaginal Cancer