Leukemia | Causes | Types | Early signs & Treatment
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. Bone marrow produces blood cells.
Leukemia starts in the soft, inner part of the bones (bone marrow), but often moves quickly into the blood. It can then spread to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, central nervous system and other organs.
Types of Leukemia
There are following types of leukemia
1. Acute myeloid Leukemia (AML)
2. Acute lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
3. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
4. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Acute leukemias can often be cured with treatment. Chronic leukemias are unlikely to be cured with treatment, but treatments are often able to control the cancer and manage symptoms. Some people with chronic leukemia may be candidates for stem cell transplantation, which does offer a chance for cure
Risk Factors
There are many risk factors of leukemia, which we will discuss in this video
Signs & Symptoms depends on the type of leukemia
Some Common are
1. Hepatomegaly
2. Spleenomegaly
3. Marrow infiltration includes Anemia, Infections & Thromboctopenia
4. Painless lymph nodes
Symptoms," including fevers, chills, night sweats, and weight loss.
Investigations
1. Blood Film Examination
2. Bone marrow Biopsy
3.Chest Xray & CT scan, further more which we will discuss in detail in this lecture
Treatment
Supportive treatment also plays a important role such as IV fluids etc
Asymptomatic requires no treatment
Symptomatic requires treatment , but different leukemias require different treatment, will discussed in detail in this lecture
Philadelphia chromosome is a characteristic feature of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a specific genetic abnormality in chromosome 22 of leukemia cancer cells
Prognosis
More than four out of five children live at least five years. The prognosis for adults is not as good
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