Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Pathology: Causes and Side Effects

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Pathology: Causes and Side Effects

In today's video, we will be discussing acute myeloid leukemia pathology. Acute myeloid leukemia, also known as AML, is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is a rapidly progressive disease that requires immediate medical attention. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 21,400 people in the United States are diagnosed with AML each year.

In this video, we will be discussing the pathology of AML, including its etiology, pathogenesis, and molecular features. We will also discuss the various diagnostic techniques and treatment options available for AML patients.

Acute myeloid leukemia is a type of blood cancer that affects the myeloid cells in the bone marrow. These cells are responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. In AML, the myeloid cells grow and divide rapidly, leading to an overproduction of immature cells called blasts.

According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, "AML is characterized by the accumulation of immature myeloid blasts in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and other tissues." These blasts are unable to function properly and can't fight infections like normal white blood cells. They also interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to anemia, bleeding, and infections.

The exact cause of AML is not yet known, but research suggests that certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing the disease. These risk factors include exposure to radiation, chemotherapy, and certain chemicals such as benzene.

A study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute suggests that "AML is a heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology, involving genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors." Genetic mutations play a significant role in the development of AML. Mutations in genes such as FLT3, NPM1, and IDH1/2 have been linked to AML.

AML can be diagnosed through various techniques, including blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging tests such as CT scans and X-rays. A blood test can reveal abnormal levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. A bone marrow biopsy involves removing a small sample of bone marrow tissue for examination under a microscope.

According to a study published in Blood Advances, "Molecular and cytogenetic testing is critical for the diagnosis, classification, and risk stratification of AML." These tests can detect specific genetic mutations that are associated with AML and help determine the best treatment options.

Treatment options for AML depend on several factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and the specific genetic mutations present. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, and targeted therapy.

A study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology suggests that "Combination chemotherapy, usually consisting of cytarabine and an anthracycline, is the standard of care for most AML patients." Targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, are also being developed for AML treatment.

In conclusion, acute myeloid leukemia is a type of blood cancer that affects the myeloid cells in the bone marrow. AML is a rapidly progressive disease that requires immediate medical attention. The exact cause of AML is not yet known, but research suggests that certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing the disease.

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  Leukemia - Acute Myeloid - AML