In this video, an expert pulmonary pathologist and director of Cleveland Clinic's Pulmonary Pathology service briefly covers all lung tumor types - including all the subtypes of lung cancer - listed in the new (2021) World Health Organization classification. Dr. Mukhopadhyay then describes the primary pathologic features of these tumors with high-quality pathology images provided in most cases.

The video should be helpful for patients, surgeons, pulmonologists, oncologists, pathologists, residents, and medical students.

After experiencing acute appendicitis and removal of his appendix, Ryan thought he was on the path to being healthy and going back to his normal life. However, his medical team found that he had an appendiceal neuroendocrine tumor. Ryan and his wife, Pippa, found answers and care at Mayo Clinic through the Mayo Clinic Complex Care Program.

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What is the survival rate for carcinoid tumor?
Typical carcinoid tumors have been found to have a much better prognosis than do the atypical variety. Atypical carcinoid tumors have been associated with a 5-year survival rate of 40-60% and a 10-year survival rate of 31-60%, depending on the series.

What are the symptoms of lung carcinoid tumors?
Signs and symptoms of carcinoid lung tumors include:
Chest pain.
Wheezing.
Shortness of breath.
Diarrhea.
Redness or a feeling of warmth in your face and neck (skin flushing)
Weight gain, particularly around the midsection and upper back.
Pink or purple marks on the skin that look like stretch marks.

#lung #tumor #carcinoid

What causes carcinoid tumor in lung?
Researchers don't really know the causes of carcinoid tumors in the lung. They have found that typical carcinoids don't seem to be linked to smoking, but atypical carcinoid tumors are found more often in people who do smoke. You may be at a higher risk for these rare tumors with: Age.

Can a lung carcinoid be benign?
Carcinoid Lung Tumor Surgery

The only effective treatment of carcinoid lung tumor is surgical resection of the primary tumor. Most tumors follow a benign course and are amenable to surgery.

How fast does a carcinoid tumor grow?
How long does it take for a carcinoid tumor to grow to the size of 2 cm? In general, it can take 3-5 years and even up to 10 or longer for carcinoid tumors to grow. These are generally very slow-growing tumors.

Are lung carcinoid tumors fatal?
The average five-year survival rate for people who have been treated for typical carcinoid tumors is 85% to 95%. People who have been treated for atypical lung carcinoids have a five-year survival rate of 50% to 60%. Survival rates tend to be higher for people with lung carcinoids that haven't spread.

Can a blood test detect carcinoid tumors?
The chromogranin A (CgA)* blood test is a good marker to help detect and monitor the activity of carcinoid tumors. This includes the tumors that release (secrete) the hormones that are associated with carcinoid syndrome. Elevated levels of CgA are found in 80% to 100% of patients with GI NET or lung NET.

Can carcinoid tumors be removed?
Surgeons often try to cure localized carcinoid tumors by removing them completely, which is usually successful. The options for GI carcinoid tumors that have spread to nearby tissues or to distant parts of the body are more complex.

Are carcinoid tumors benign or malignant?
Carcinoid tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign carcinoid tumors are typically small and usually can be removed completely and, in most cases, they do not come back. Cells from benign carcinoid tumors do not spread to other parts of the body.

What causes a carcinoid tumor?
Most carcinoid tumors are caused by sporadic changes (mutations) in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Mutations are called sporadic if they occur after a person is born, rather than having been inherited.

Do lung carcinoid tumors come back?
You may be relieved to finish treatment, but find it hard not to worry about cancer coming back. This is a very common if you've had cancer. For other people, the lung carcinoid tumors may never go away completely.

Are carcinoid tumors rare?
Carcinoid tumor is a rare type of tumor that usually grows slowly. Carcinoid tumors are cancerous, but have been called cancer in slow motion, because if you have a carcinoid tumor, you may have it for many years and never know it.

Can smoking cause carcinoid tumors?
Tobacco smoke. Typical lung carcinoid tumors do not seem to be linked with smoking or with any known chemicals in the environment or workplace. But some studies have found that atypical lung carcinoids may be more common in people who smoke.

Are carcinoid tumors hard to detect?
Carcinoid syndrome can be difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are similar to other more common conditions. Carcinoid syndrome is caused by excess serotonin and other chemicals that are secreted by tumor cells.

Does lung carcinoid cause carcinoid syndrome?
Symptoms caused by hormones from the tumor

Lung carcinoids do this far less often than gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors. Carcinoid syndrome: Rarely, lung carcinoid tumors release enough hormone-like substances into the bloodstream to cause symptoms. This causes carcinoid syndrome.

Morphologic description of the carcinoid tumor of the lung. WHO classification 5th edition. What are the immunohistochemical stains that should be requested to confirm the diagnosis beside the morphological features and how to exclude other types of lung cancers.

Dr Martin Frueh, Kantonsspital, St Gallen, Switzerland, talks about low grade neuroendocrine lung carcinoma and emphasises the need for more research to be carried out to improve our understanding of this very rare disorder. Although there has been a considerable amount of research into targeted treatments for small cell lung cancer, these studies have not been particularly successful. Dr Frueh discusses the need for a better understanding of the complex biology behind this disease and for the development of predictive markers before treatment options can improve, talks about the promise of antiangiogenic drugs and explains what treatment options are currently available.