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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
1:13 Causes of bile duct cancer
2:31 Symptoms of bile duct cancer
2:45 Diagnosis of bile duct cancer
3:49 Treatment of bile duct cancer





Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer, is a type of cancer that forms in the bile ducts.[2] Symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma may include abdominal pain, yellowish skin, weight loss, generalized itching, and fever.[1] Light colored stool or dark urine may also occur.[4] Other biliary tract cancers include gallbladder cancer and cancer of the ampulla of Vater.[7]

Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma include primary sclerosing cholangitis (an inflammatory disease of the bile ducts), ulcerative colitis, cirrhosis, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, infection with certain liver flukes, and some congenital liver malformations.[1][3][8] However, most people have no identifiable risk factors.[3] The diagnosis is suspected based on a combination of blood tests, medical imaging, endoscopy, and sometimes surgical exploration.[4] The disease is confirmed by examination of cells from the tumor under a microscope.[4] It is typically an adenocarcinoma (a cancer that forms glands or secretes mucin).[3]

Cholangiocarcinoma is typically incurable at diagnosis.[1] In these cases palliative treatments may include surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stenting procedures.[1] In about a third of cases involving the common bile duct and less commonly with other locations the tumor can be completely removed by surgery offering a chance of a cure.[1] Even when surgical removal is successful chemotherapy and radiation therapy are generally recommended.[1] In certain cases surgery may include a liver transplantation.[3] Even when surgery is successful the 5-year survival is typically less than 50%.[6]

Cholangiocarcinoma is rare in the Western world, with estimates of it occurring in 0.5–2 people per 100,000 per year.[1][6] Rates are higher in South-East Asia where liver flukes are common.[5] Rates in parts of Thailand are 60 per 100,000 per year.[5] It typically occurs in people in their 70s; however, in those with primary sclerosing cholangitis it often occurs in the 40s.[3] Rates of cholangiocarcinoma within the liver in the Western world have increased.[6]

Dr. Orit Markowitz, MD, assistant professor of dermatology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, discusses how she removes cancerous skin cells without leaving a scar. Dr. Markowitz uses image devices and laser technology in lieu of surgery.

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer, and the most frequently occurring from of all cancers. Most BCCs are curable since they are so slow growing, however early detection and treatment is key. In today’s video, Dr. Gupta will explain the causes of BCC, what to look out for, and what we can do to treat BCCs here at Mōksha Derm.

Any condition of the hair, skin, or nails, can be diagnosed and treated with expert care here a Mōksha Derm. Schedule your appointment today by giving us a call at (513) 407-6946.

Dr. Shalini Gupta
MD Harvard Medical School
Mōksha Derm
9505 Montgomery Road, Suite 202
Cincinnati, OH 45242

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@mokshaderm

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Dr. Christopher Arpey, a dermatologist at Mayo Clinic, describes the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma.