What Is Lung Cancer? Everything to Know About Lung Cancer, the Deadliest Cancer in America,

What Is Lung Cancer? Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Prevention

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Learn about the symptoms, causes, treatments, and how you can keep the disease out of your future.

Table of Contents:
Types | Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | Complications | Prevention

Lung cancer: An overview
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer (excluding skin cancer) in men and women in the United States, but it is by far the leading cause of cancer deaths. More than 500,000 Americans live with lung cancer and 234,030 new cases are diagnosed annually, causing 25 percent of cancer deaths. In fact, lung cancer accounts for more deaths than colon, prostate, and breast cancers combined.

First, a brief anatomy lesson on your lungs. These cone-shaped, spongy organs are a driving force of your respiratory system. Your lungs are composed of lobes (which funnel oxygen to your blood and release carbon dioxide from your body), bronchi (the main airways extending from your windpipe), bronchioles (tiny extensions of your bronchi), and alveoli (tiny air sacs at the end of your bronchioles).
Lung cancer forms when abnormal cells in the lungs start to grow rapidly out of control. These cells—which typically start in the lining of the bronchi, bronchioles, or alveoli—can develop into a tumor and spread (or metastasize) to other parts of the body, such as your bones or brain.

Most people are diagnosed with lung cancer when they are older, between the ages of 65 and 74, but the disease can still develop in those younger than 45. While lung cancer is more common in men, particularly African American men, an estimated 1 in 17 women will get lung cancer at some point in their lives. People who smoke also have a much greater risk of developing lung cancer compared to those who have never smoked. Diagnosing lung cancer at its earliest stage is key for effective treatment, but symptoms often appear during a more advanced stage of the disease.
What are the types of lung cancer?
There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer (the most common form of lung cancer) and small cell lung cancer (a less common but more aggressive type of lung cancer).

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for about 85 percent of lung cancer cases. NSCLC is an umbrella term for several subtypes of lung cancer, but they are often referred to as one group because they have similar treatments.

Adenocarcinoma
Mainly occurring in smokers, adenocarcinomas start in young cells that produce substances like mucus, usually forming on the outer areas of the lung. They make up 40 percent of lung cancers, affect more women than men, and often grow slowly.

Squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinoma
This type of NSCLC begins in young squamous cells that make up the inner lining of your airways. Accounting for 25 to 30 percent of lung cancers, squamous cell carcinomas often pop up toward the center of the lungs near the bronchus (a major air passage).

Large cell (undifferentiated) carcinoma
Appearing throughout various parts of the lung, large cell carcinomas tend to grow and spread aggressively, so they are difficult to treat. They make up 10 to 15 percent of lung cancers.
Adenosquamous carcinoma
This rare form of NSCLC only makes up an estimated 0.4 to 4 percent of all lung carcinomas and includes components of both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. It mainly affects older men who have a history of smoking and tends to be difficult to treat.
Sarcomatoid carcinoma
This extremely rare NSCLC only accounts for 0.1 to 0.4 percent of lung cancers. These large tumors affect the central airways of the lungs or the outer portion of the chest wall. Most commonly impacting older men and smokers, sarcomatoid carcinomas have a poor prognosis—a 5-year survival rate of only 20 percent.
Carcinoid tumors
These tumors—which make up only 1 to 2 percent of lung cancers—are made up of neuroendocrine cells (cells in the lung that aids in air and blood flow control, growth of other lung cells, and oxygen detection), grow more slowly than other types of lung cancer, and don’t tend to spread. They can form near the center or outer portion of the lungs.
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  Lung Cancer - Non-Small Cell