Ovarian Cancer Part 2 : Obstetrics and gynaecology Video lectures ( Medvizz app )

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07/08/23

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Ovarian Cancer Part 2 : Obstetrics and gynaecology Video lectures ( Medvizz app )

‘Ovarian cancer’ is not a singular diagnosis, rather it is an umbrella term for a multitude of different types of cancer that affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the primary peritoneal cavity. It is estimated that there are more than 30 different types of ovarian cancer, and there is a very wide variation in incidence and outlook in terms of the different types.

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of the female cancers for which there is no reliable screening test, and every women is at risk. With delays in diagnoses due to this lack of screening and because symptoms are often confused with other, less severe, illness, most women are diagnosed once the cancer has already spread, making it more difficult to treat. While every woman is at risk, ovarian cancer is overlooked and underfunded.

TYPES OF OVARIAN CANCER
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There are different types of ovarian cancer tumours, which are named after the type of cell they come from, the three main cell types that make up the ovary. They are:

Epithelial ovarian cancer
Comes from the surface of the ovary (the epithelium), and is the most common ovarian cancer. Fallopian tube cancer and primary peritoneal cancer are also included in this type of ovarian cancer.

Germ cell ovarian cancer
Comes from the reproductive cells of the ovaries. Germ cell ovarian cancer is rare.

Stromal cells ovarian cancer
Comes from connective tissue cell. Stromal cells ovarian cancer is also very rare.

Small cell carcinoma (SCCO) of the ovary
This is an extremely rare ovarian cancer and it is not certain whether the cells in SCCO are from ovarian epithelial cells, sex-cord stromal cells or germ cells.

FIVE FACTS
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Here are five facts everyone should know about ovarian cancer.

A Pap test (cervical smear test) does not detect ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at a late stage
Diagnosing Ovarian cancer before it spreads makes it much more treatable
Symptom awareness might lead to quicker diagnosis
Common symptoms include:
a. Persistent bloating
b. Difficulty eating
c. Feeling full quickly
d. Pelvic/abdominal pain
e. Urinary symptoms

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
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Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer Include:
BLOATINGBLOATING
Increased abdominal size / persistent bloating that doesn’t come and go
EATING COMPLICATIONSEATING COMPLICATIONS
Difficulty eating / feeling full quickly
PAINPAIN
In pelvic and/or abdominal areas
URINARY SYMPTOMSURINARY SYMPTOMS
Urgent or frequent urination

Occasionally, there can be other symptoms, such as:
Changes in bowel habits
Abnormal bleeding – Any post-menopausal bleeding should always be checked by your primary health care provider or doctor.
Extreme fatigue
Unexplained weight loss

DETECTION & TESTING
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There is no routine, simple screening test to accurately detect ovarian cancer. Contrary to popular belief, cervical screening (i.e.: Pap smear) will not detect ovarian cancer. Cervical screening is effective in early detection of cervical cancer, but it is not a test for ovarian cancer.

That is why being aware of ovarian cancer and its symptoms are important.

If you have signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer, speak to your doctor. The pathway to diagnosis includes:

Pelvic exam
Transvaginal or pelvic ultrasound
CA-125 blood test
In some cases, doctors may also use a CT scan or PET scan as part of the diagnostic process. The only definitive way to determine if a patient has ovarian cancer is through a biopsy.

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