non Hodgkin lymphoma
(NHL)
A group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphomas except Hodgkin lymphomas.
The tumor does not contain Reed-Sternberg cells, which are usually contained in Hodgkin lymphomas.
Symptoms:
- Enlarged lymph nodes
- Fever, night sweats
- Tiredness, weight loss
- Itchiness
- Chest pain
- Bone pain
Causes:
- Infections: Epstein-Barr virus, human T-cell leukemia virus, Helicobacter pylori, HHV-8, hepatitis C virus, HIV.
- Chemicals: Polychlorinated biphenyls, diphenylhydantoin, dioxin, phenoxy herbicides.
- Medical treatments: Radiation therapy, chemotherapy.
- Genetic diseases: Klinefelter syndrome, Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia syndrome.
- Autoimmune diseases: Sjögren syndrome, celiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Bone trauma, microfractures
- Implants: Usage of hard metals or silicone.
Treatment:
- Chemotherapy
- Radiotherapy
- Stem-cell transplants
- Chemotherapy (for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
Cf. Ann Arbor staging
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