Bladder Cancer || مثانے کا کینسر || ब्लैडर कैंसर

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07/08/23

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Bladder Cancer || مثانے کا کینسر || ब्लैडर कैंसर
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Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the bladder.
The bladder is a hollow organ in the lower part of the abdomen. It is shaped like a small balloon and has a muscular wall that allows it to get larger or smaller to store urine made by the kidneys. There are two kidneys, one on each side of the backbone, above the waist. Tiny tubules in the kidneys filter and clean the blood. They take out waste products and make urine. The urine passes from each kidney through a long tube called a ureter into the bladder. The bladder holds the urine until it passes through the urethra and leaves the body.
There are three types of bladder cancer that begin in cells in the lining of the bladder. These cancers are named for the type of cells that become malignant:
1-Transitional cell carcinoma: Cancer that begins in cells in the innermost tissue layer of the bladder. These cells are able to stretch when the bladder is full and shrink when it is emptied. Most bladder cancers begin in the transitional cells. Transitional cell carcinoma can be low-grade or high-grade:
2-Low-grade transitional cell carcinoma often recurs after treatment, but rarely spreads into the muscle layer of the bladder or to other parts of the body.
3-High-grade transitional cell carcinoma often recurs after treatment and often spreads into the muscle layer of the bladder, to other parts of the body, and to lymph nodes. Almost all deaths from bladder cancer are due to high-grade disease
Risk factors for bladder cancer include the following:-
1-Using tobacco, especially smoking cigarettes.
2-Having a family history of bladder cancer.
3-Having certain changes in the genes that are linked to bladder cancer.
4-Being exposed to paints, dyes, metals, or petroleum products in the workplace.
5-Past treatment with radiation therapy to the pelvis or with certain anticancer drugs, such as cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide.
6-Taking Aristolochia fangchi, a Chinese herb.
7-Drinking water from a well that has high levels of arsenic.
8-Drinking water that has been treated with chlorine.
9-Having a history of bladder infections, including bladder infections caused by Schistosoma haematobium.
10Using urinary catheters for a long time.