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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
0:43 Symptoms of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
1:04 Causes of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
1:32 Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
2:10 Treatment of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma




Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), or nasopharynx cancer, is the most common cancer originating in the nasopharynx, most commonly in the postero-lateral nasopharynx or pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller), accounting for 50% of cases. NPC occurs in children and adults. NPC differs significantly from other cancers of the head and neck in its occurrence, causes, clinical behavior, and treatment. It is vastly more common in certain regions of East Asia and Africa than elsewhere, with viral, dietary and genetic factors implicated in its causation.[1] It is most common in males. It is a squamous cell carcinoma of an undifferentiated type. Squamous epithelial cells are a flat type of cell found in the skin and the membranes that line some body cavities. Differentiation means how different the cancer cells are from normal cells. Undifferentiated cells are cells that do not have their mature features or functions. NPC may present as a lump or a mass on both sides towards the back of the neck. These lumps usually are not tender or painful but appear as a result of the metastatic spread of the cancer to the lymph nodes, thus causing the lymph nodes to swell. Lymph nodes are defined as glands that function as part of the immune system and can be found throughout the body.[2] Swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck is the initial presentation in many people, and the diagnosis of NPC is often made by lymph node biopsy. Signs of nasopharyngeal cancer may appear as headaches, a sore throat, and trouble hearing, breathing, or speaking.[3] Additional symptoms of NPC include facial pain or numbness, blurred or double vision, trouble opening the mouth, or recurring ear infections. If the ear infection does not present with an upper respiratory tract infection, then an examination should be done on the nasopharynx. This is due to the fact that, in adults, ear infections are less common than in children.[2] Signs and symptoms related to the primary tumor include trismus, pain, otitis media, nasal regurgitation due to paresis (loss of or impaired movement) of the soft palate, hearing loss and cranial nerve palsy (paralysis). Larger growths may produce nasal obstruction or bleeding and a "nasal twang". Metastatic spread may result in bone pain or organ dysfunction. Rarely, a paraneoplastic syndrome of osteoarthropathy (diseases of joints and bones) may occur with widespread disease.[citation needed]

Learn about paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer, one of the types of head and neck cancer, in this informative video. Discover its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and how to prevent it.
#shorts #medicalshorts #cancer #healthcare

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Now five years later, Valerie is able to manage her pain and live a full life with her family - cancer-free. She wants to help others and bring awareness to sinus cancer.

When a local doctor ignored some symptoms, he had no idea those were signs of a rare nose cancer. Luckily, his physician was able to catch it and thanks to a new type of radiation at Beaumont Hospital, he is back treating his patients. Dr. Sammit Sabharwal explained, “I know what that is. I’m not even going to get evidence to figure out if I’m right or not.”

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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
0:31 Symptoms of Nasal and paranasal tumors
1:30 Causes of Nasal and paranasal tumors
2:04 Diagnosis of Nasal and paranasal tumors
2:19 Treatment of Nasal and paranasal tumors
2:39 Risk factors of Nasal and paranasal tumors
3:02 Prevention of Nasal and paranasal tumors




• Nasal and paranasal tumors are abnormal growths that begin in and around the passageway within your nose.
• Nasal tumors begin in the nasal cavity.
• Paranasal tumors begin in air-filled chambers around the nose called the paranasal sinuses.
• Nasal and paranasal tumors can either be noncancerous or cancerous.
• Several types of nasal and paranasal tumors exist.

Symptoms
• Possible signs and symptoms of these cancers (often only on one side) include:
• Nasal congestion and stuffiness that doesn’t get better or even worsens
• Pain above or below the eyes
• Blockage of one side of the nose
• Post-nasal drip (nasal drainage in the back of the nose and throat)
• Nosebleeds
• A lump or mass on the face, palate (top of the mouth), or inside the nose
• Constant watery eyes
• Bulging of one eye
• Loss or change in vision
• Pain or pressure in one of the ears
• Hearing loss
• Headache
• Trouble opening the mouth
• Enlarging lymph nodes in the neck (seen or felt as lumps under the skin)
• Pus draining from the nose
• Problems with your sense of smell
• Numbness or pain in parts of the face
• Loosening or numbness of teeth

Cause
• Nasal and paranasal tumors form when a genetic mutation turns normal, healthy cells into abnormal cells.
• Healthy cells grow and multiply at a set rate, eventually dying at a set time.
• Abnormal cells grow and multiply out of control, and they don't die.
• The accumulating abnormal cells form a mass (tumor).
• If the abnormal cells become cancerous, they might invade nearby tissues and separate from an initial tumor to spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.

Diagnosis
• Using an endoscopic camera to see inside your nasal cavity and sinuses.
• Collecting a sample of cells for testing (biopsy).
• Imaging tests to create pictures of your nasal cavity and sinuses.

Treatment
• Surgery
• Open Surgery
• Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Radiation Therapy
• Palliative care – Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness.

Risk Factors
• Factors that may increase the risk of nasal and paranasal tumors include:
• Smoking and being around people who are smoking
• Breathing in air pollution
• Long-term exposure to chemicals and irritants in the air at work
• Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a common sexually transmitted infection

Prevention
• To reduce your risk of nasal and paranasal tumors, you can:
• Stop smoking
• Protect yourself from fumes and irritants in the air