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Leukemia - Chronic T-Cell Lymphocytic

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Symptoms (ex. Skin Blisters), Diagnosis and Treatment (Vit D?)
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Symptoms (ex. Skin Blisters), Diagnosis and Treatment (Vit D?) administrator 3 Views • 2 years ago

Lesson on Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and the related non-Hodgkin Lymphoma small lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL). CLL is the most common adult leukaemia in the western world, and affects older adults most often. CLL is a blood cancer involving mature lymphocytes. Often times CLL is detected on a routine blood test and can be asymptomatic; however, characteristic physical findings includes lymphadenopathy among others. Laboratory blood findings and physical exam findings can also help us distinguish between CLL and SLL. Staging of this condition can also help us determine when to treat it, and the genetic profile of the cancer helps us determine what is the appropriate treatment for this cancer.

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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments & More
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments & More administrator 5 Views • 2 years ago

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of chronic leukemia. "Chronic" means that the leukemia usually gets worse slowly. In CLL, the bone marrow makes abnormal lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, anemia, and easy bleeding. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body. CLL is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. It often occurs during or after middle age. It is rare in children.
What causes chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

CLL happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown, so it's hard to predict who might get CLL. There are a few factors that might raise your risk.
Who is at risk for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

It is hard to predict who will get CLL. There are a few factors that could raise your risk:

Age - your risk goes up as you get older. Most people who are diagnosed with CLL are over 50.
Family history of CLL and other blood and bone marrow diseases
Racial/ethnic group - CLL is more common in whites than in people from other racial or ethnic groups
Exposure to certain chemicals, including Agent Orange, a chemical that was used in the Vietnam War

What are the symptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

In the beginning, CLL does not cause any symptoms. Later, you can have symptoms such as:

Swollen lymph nodes - you may notice them as painless lumps in the neck, underarm, stomach, or groin
Weakness or feeling tired
Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs
Fever and infection
Easy bruising or bleeding
Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.
Weight loss for no known reason
Drenching night sweats

How is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) diagnosed?

Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose CLL:

A physical exam
A medical history
Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC) with differential and blood chemistry tests. Blood chemistry tests measure different substances in the blood, including electrolytes, fats, proteins, glucose (sugar), and enzymes. Specific blood chemistry tests include a basic metabolic panel (BMP), a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), kidney function tests, liver function tests, and an electrolyte panel.
Flow cytometry tests, which check for leukemia cells and identify which type of leukemia it is. The tests can be done on blood, bone marrow, or other tissue.
Genetic tests to look for gene and chromosome changes

If you are diagnosed with CLL, you may have additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include imaging tests and bone marrow tests.
What are the treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

Treatments for CLL include:

Watchful waiting, which means that you don't get treatment right away. Your health care provider regularly checks to see if your signs or symptoms appear or change.
Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Immunotherapy
Chemotherapy with bone marrow or stem cell transplant

The goals of treatment are to slow the growth of the leukemia cells and to give you long periods of remission. Remission means that the signs and symptoms of cancer are reduced or have disappeared. The CLL may come back after remission, and you may need more treatment.

NIH: National Cancer Institute
Adult T- cell Leukemia/ Lymphoma
Adult T- cell Leukemia/ Lymphoma administrator 2 Views • 2 years ago

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Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is associated with human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1)...It's prevalent in Japan, South America, West Africa, and the Caribbean​.
Human T- cell leukemia virus -1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that can be transmitted through IV drug abuse.

Hematological malignancies can be divided into leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma.

Lymphomas can be divided into Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can be subdivided into aggressive lymphoma and indolent lymphoma.

Aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas include:
*Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
*Burkitt's lymphoma.
*Mantle cell lymphoma.
*Precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.
*B-lymphoblastic lymphoma.


Indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas include:
*Follicular lymphoma
*Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MALToma)
*Hairy cell leukemia/ lymphoma.
*Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
*Mycosis fungoides/ Sezary syndrome.




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Genetically Modified T Cells Obliterate Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Tumors
Genetically Modified T Cells Obliterate Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Tumors administrator 5 Views • 2 years ago

Researchers at Penn's Abramson Cancer Center have molecularly engineered T-cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and achieved an exceptional, unprecedented antitumor response.

In the pilot study of three patients, two achieved complete remission and the third experienced remarkable antitumor response, which was impossible with previously available treatments. The modified T-cells mimic bone marrow transplant (BMT), but without the associated risks.

The result of integration between the research lab and clinic, this study is the first time that researchers have shown that T-cells can function as serial tumor kills. In the pilot study, the modified T-cells eradicated at least 1,000 tumor cells in each patient.

Contrary to other treatments, such as chemotherapy, the modified T-cells are only released into the body once. They persist, divide and continue to kill tumor cells on their own.

View the full news release from Penn Medicine: http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/news..../News_Releases/2011/

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