Here is a short guide to the four stages of breast cancer.

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Donna Pinto was 44 in January 2010 when she was diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in-situ, or DCIS. It's also known as Stage 0 breast cancer. "I was numb and I was almost paralyzed and I really don't think I heard anything further other than that," Pinto says after hearing the news. DCIS refers to abnormal cells trapped in the milk ducts. She says she endured painful diagnostic tests and surgery. InsideEdition.com's Mara Montalbano (https://twitter.com/maramontalbano) has more. #insideedition

In this video I'm talking about the one piece of information that would have made a world of difference to me as a DCIS survivor, when navigating my path toward mastectomy. Disclaimer: The opinion shared in this video is that of one (highly respected) medical professional and may not be shared by your oncologist.

- Related Videos:

My Perspective on DCIS Two Years Ago: https://youtu.be/GJB9_OoIDGs

The playlist of my entire Mastectomy Story: https://youtube.com/playlist?l....ist=PLczz0n2ViEuHQRR

- Links:

The only video/site that I've EVER found that adequately describes DCIS: https://youtube.com/watch?v=hga8-wyUtto&feature=share

There are ongoing trials which allow women to "watch and wait" rather than undergoing surgery for DCIS. Amount of comedo necrosis is the factor that determines eligibility for these trials, which further supports the opinion of the doctor who advised me. This study shows how much variability there is among medical professionals when it comes to the threshold for comedo necrosis, showing that we are still in the infancy period when it comes to the treatment for this disease:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30980039/

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Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin.[2] In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin. <br /> <br />Risk factors for developing breast cancer include: female ****, obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol, hormone replacement therapy during menopause, ionizing radiation, early age at first menstruation, having children late or not at all, older age, and family history. About 5–10% of cases are due to genes inherited from a person&#039;s parents, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 among others. Breast cancer most commonly develops in cells from the lining of milk ducts and the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers developing from the ducts are known as ductal carcinomas, while those developing from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas. In addition, there are more than 18 other sub-types of breast cancer. Some cancers develop from pre-invasive lesions such as ductal carcinoma in situ.[4] The diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by taking a biopsy of the concerning lump. Once the diagnosis is made, further tests are done to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the breast and which treatments it may respond to. <br /> <br />The balance of benefits versus harms of breast cancer screening is controversial. A 2013 Cochrane review stated that it is unclear if mammographic screening does more good or harm.A 2009 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force found evidence of benefit in those 40 to 70 years of age,[6] and the organization recommends screening every two years in women 50 to 74 years old.The medications tamoxifen or raloxifene may be used in an effort to prevent breast cancer in those who are at high risk of developing it.Surgical removal of both **** is another preventative measure in some high risk women.[4] In those who have been diagnosed with cancer, a number of treatments may be used, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and targeted therapy.Types of surgery vary from breast-conserving surgery to mastectomy.Breast reconstruction may take place at the time of surgery or at a later date. In those in whom the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, treatments are mostly aimed at improving quality of life and comfort. <br /> <br />Outcomes for breast cancer vary depending on the cancer type, extent of disease, and person&#039;s age.Survival rates in the developed world are high, with between 80% and 90% of those in England and the United States alive for at least 5 years. In developing countries survival rates are poorer.Worldwide, breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women, accounting for 25% of all cases.In 2012 it resulted in 1.68 million cases and 522,000 deaths. It is more common in developed countries and is more than 100 times more common in women than in men.

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/what-is-breast-cancer.html<br /><br />What Is Breast Cancer?<br /><br />Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the breast. Cancer starts when cells begin to grow out of control. (To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer?)<br /><br />Breast cancer cells usually form a tumor that can often be seen on an x-ray or felt as a lump. Breast cancer occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get breast cancer, too.<br /><br />It’s important to understand that most breast lumps are benign and not cancer (malignant). Non-cancerous breast tumors are abnormal growths, but they do not spread outside of the breast. They are not life threatening, but some types of benign breast lumps can increase a woman&#039;s risk of getting breast cancer. Any breast lump or change needs to be checked by a health care professional to determine if it is benign or malignant (cancer) and if it might affect your future cancer risk. See Non-cancerous Breast Conditions to learn more.<br /><br />Where breast cancer starts<br /><br />Breast cancers can start from different parts of the breast.<br /><br />Most breast cancers begin in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple (ductal cancers)<br />Some start in the glands that make breast milk (lobular cancers)<br />There are also other types of breast cancer that are less common like phyllodes tumor and angiosarcoma<br />A small number of cancers start in other tissues in the breast. These cancers are called sarcomas and lymphomas and are not really thought of as breast cancers.<br /><br />Although many types of breast cancer can cause a lump in the breast, not all do. See Breast Cancer Signs and Symptoms to learn what you should watch for and report to a health care provider. Many breast cancers are also found on screening mammograms, which can detect cancers at an earlier stage, often before they can be felt, and before symptoms develop.<br /><br />Types of breast cancer<br /><br />There are many different types of breast cancer and common ones include ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma. Others, like phyllodes tumors and angiosarcoma are less common.<br /><br />Once a biopsy is done, breast cancer cells are tested for proteins called estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and HER2. The tumor cells are also closely looked at in the lab to find out what grade it is. The specific proteins found and the tumor grade can help decide treatment options.<br /><br />To learn more about specific types of breast cancer and tests done on the breast cancer cells, see Understanding a Breast Cancer Diagnosis.<br /><br />How breast cancer spreads<br /><br />Breast cancer can spread when the cancer cells get into the blood or lymph system and are carried to other parts of the body.<br /><br />The lymph system is a network of lymph (or lymphatic) vessels found throughout the body that connects lymph nodes (small bean-shaped collections of immune system cells). The clear fluid inside the lymph vessels, called lymph, contains tissue by-products and waste material, as well as immune system cells. The lymph vessel