Kaposi sarcoma ( Part 6 ) : Diagnosis and staging of kaposi sarcoma : Pathology USMLE Step 1

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Kaposi sarcoma ( Part 6 ) : Diagnosis and staging of kaposi sarcoma : Pathology USMLE Step 1

Kaposi sarcoma

Definition:
• malignant, multifocal, highly vascularized tumor caused by the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8 )

Classification:
• HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma

Clinical features
• Multiple cutaneous or visceral, elevated tumors with rapid growth
• Initial manifestation on skin and mucosae (especially face/oral cavity and chest)
• Over time, organ involvement is possible.
• If the gastrointestinal tract is involved: abdominal pain and diarrhea, possibly hemorrhage and bowel obstruction if severe

Diagnostics
• Skin biopsy: spindle-shaped cells, leukocyte infiltration, and angiogenesis.
• Chest x-ray, sonography of the abdomen and lymph nodes

Treatment
• Treatment of the underlying disease → antiretroviral treatment in HIV patients
• Symptomatic therapy:
• Local: intralesional administration of vinblastine or radiation therapy
• Systemic: pegylated liposomal doxorubicin or liposomal daunorubicin
• Prognosis: very variable

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