In July of 2018, when Tucker S. was just 3-years-old, he was diagnosed with bilateral Wilms’ tumor in both of his kidneys. The tumor was about the size of a grapefruit in his small body. With help from surgery and multiple rounds of chemotherapy at Texas Children’s Cancer Center®, Tucker was later declared cancer-free. Tucker is now an energetic 4-year-old who loves superheroes and spending time with his three brothers. To learn more about Texas Children’s Cancer Center, visit texaschildrens.org/cancer.

Wilms Tumor | Disease of infancy childhood | Pathology | DocTutorials

.

Chapters

0:00 Introduction
0:47 Causes of Wilms' Tumour
2:31 Symptoms of Wilms' Tumour
3:03 Diagnosis and treatment for Wilms' Tumour
4:32 Treatment for Wilms' Tumour


Wilms' tumor or Wilms tumor,[1] also known as nephroblastoma, is a cancer of the kidneys that typically occurs in children, rarely in adults.[2]; and occurs most commonly as a renal tumor in child patients.[3][4] It is named after Max Wilms, the German surgeon (1867–1918) who first described it.[5]

Approximately 650 cases are diagnosed in the U.S. annually.[6] The majority of cases occur in children with no associated genetic syndromes; however, a minority of children with Wilms' tumor have a congenital abnormality.[6] It is highly responsive to treatment, with about 90 percent of children being cured.[6] Typical signs and symptoms of Wilms' tumor include the following:[citation needed]

a painless, palpable abdominal mass
loss of appetite
abdominal pain
fever
nausea and vomiting
blood in the urine (in about 20% of cases)
high blood pressure in some cases (especially if synchronous or metachronous bilateral kidney involvement)
Rarely as varicocele[7]

Pathogenesis
Cut section showing two halves of a nephroblastoma specimen. Note the prominent septa subdividing the sectioned surface and the protrusion of tumor into the renal pelvis, resembling botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma.
Low magnification micrograph showing the characteristic triphasic pattern consisting of tubules, solid sheets of small round cells, and stroma. H&E stain.

Wilms' tumor has many causes, which can broadly be categorized as syndromic and non-syndromic. Syndromic causes of Wilms' tumor occur as a result of alterations to genes such as the Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) or Wilms Tumor 2 (WT2) genes, and the tumor presents with a group of other signs and symptoms.[8] Non-syndromic Wilms' tumor is not associated with other symptoms or pathologies.[8] Many, but not all, cases of Wilms' tumor develop from nephrogenic rests, which are fragments of tissue in or around the kidney that develop before birth and become cancerous after birth. In particular, cases of bilateral Wilms' tumor, as well as cases of Wilms' tumor derived from certain genetic syndromes such as Denys-Drash syndrome, are strongly associated with nephrogenic rests.[8] Most nephroblastomas are on one side of the body only and are found on both sides in less than 5% of cases, although people with Denys-Drash syndrome mostly have bilateral or multiple tumors.[9] They tend to be encapsulated and vascularized tumors that do not cross the midline of the abdomen. In cases of metastasis it is usually to the lung. A rupture of Wilms' tumor puts the patient at risk of bleeding and peritoneal dissemination of the tumor. In such cases, surgical intervention by a surgeon who is experienced in the removal of such a fragile tumor is imperative.[citation needed]

Pathologically, a triphasic nephroblastoma comprises three elements:[10]

blastema
mesenchyme (stroma)
epithelium

Wilms' tumor is a malignant tumor containing metanephric blastema, stromal and epithelial derivatives. Characteristic is the presence of abortive tubules and glomeruli surrounded by a spindled cell stroma. The stroma may include striated muscle, cartilage, bone, fat tissue, and fibrous tissue. Dysfunction is caused when the tumor compresses the normal kidney parenchyma.[citation needed]

The mesenchymal component may include cells showing rhabdomyoid differentiation or malignancy (rhabdomyosarcomatous Wilms).[citation needed]

Wilms' tumors may be separated into two prognostic groups based on pathologic characteristics:[citation needed]

Favorable – Contains well developed components mentioned above
Anaplastic – Contains diffuse anaplasia (poorly developed cells)

Molecular biology and related conditions

Mutations of the WT1 gene which is located on the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p13) are observed in approximately 20% of Wilms' tumors, the majority of them being inherited from the germline, while a minority are acquired somatic mutations.[11][12] In addition at least half of the Wilms' tumors with mutations in WT1 also carry acquired somatic mutations in CTNNB1, the gene encoding the proto-oncogene beta-catenin.[13] This latter gene is found on short arm of chromosome 3 (3p22.1).

Most cases do not have mutations in any of these genes.[14]

Dr Nehad
June 29, 2020

Since 2011, UW Medicine has been providing clinical genetic test services based on next-generation sequencing. This new method sequences dozens of genes simultaneously and provides valuable new information for the diagnosis and management of genetic diseases and cancer. In this clinicopathologic conference (CPC), we will use case studies to describe the approach to data generation, interpretation, and reporting of significant findings in the medical record. Four experts in medical genetics, genome sciences, and laboratory medicine, including Dr. Colin Pritchard, Tomas Wash, PhD, Mary-Claire King, PhD, and Dr. Jonathan Tait, will discuss different aspects of each case.

കാൻസർ വേദന മാറാൻ ചികിത്സ ഖുർആനിൽ
Prophetic Medicine, Cancer Cure,Power of Dua

Healing Cancer,Strong Belief
DUA FOR THE CANCER CURE & FOR ANY OTHER ILLNESS
Supplications From Holy Quran For Diseases.


Bladder Cancer
Breast Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Kidney Cancer
Lung Cancer - Non-Small Cell
Lymphoma - Non-Hodgkin
Melanoma
Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Uterine Cancer
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Adrenal Gland Tumor
Amyloidosis
Anal Cancer
Appendix Cancer
Astrocytoma - Childhood
Ataxia-Telangiectasia
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma)
Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome
Bladder Cancer
Bone Cancer
Brain Stem Glioma - Childhood
Brain Tumor
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer - Inflammatory
Breast Cancer - Metastatic
Breast Cancer in Men
Carney Complex
Central Nervous System Tumors - Childhood
Cervical Cancer
Childhood Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Cowden Syndrome
Craniopharyngioma - Childhood
Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma, Childhood Tumor
Ependymoma - Childhood
Esophageal Cancer
Ewing Sarcoma - Childhood and Adolescence
Eye Cancer
Eyelid Cancer
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Familial GIST
Familial Malignant Melanoma
Familial Non-VHL Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Familial Pancreatic Cancer
Gallbladder Cancer
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor - GIST
Germ Cell Tumor - Childhood
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Head and Neck Cancer
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer
Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer
Hereditary Mixed Polyposis Syndrome
Hereditary Pancreatitis
Hereditary Papillary Renal Carcinoma
HIV/AIDS-Related Cancer
Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome
Kidney Cancer
Lacrimal Gland Tumor
Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer
Leukemia - Acute Lymphoblastic - ALL - Childhood
Leukemia - Acute Lymphocytic - ALL
Leukemia - Acute Myeloid - AML
Leukemia - Acute Myeloid - AML - Childhood
Leukemia - B-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia and Hairy Cell Leukemia
Leukemia - Chronic Lymphocytic - CLL
Leukemia - Chronic Myeloid - CML
Leukemia - Chronic T-Cell Lymphocytic
Leukemia - Eosinophilic
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Liver Cancer
Lung Cancer - Non-Small Cell
Lung Cancer - Small Cell
Lymphoma - Hodgkin
Lymphoma - Hodgkin - Childhood
Lymphoma - Non-Hodgkin
Lymphoma - Non-Hodgkin - Childhood
Lynch Syndrome
Mastocytosis
Medulloblastoma - Childhood
Melanoma
Meningioma
Mesothelioma
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2
Multiple Myeloma
MUTYH (or MYH)-Associated Polyposis
Myelodysplastic Syndromes - MDS
Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer
Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Neuroblastoma - Childhood
Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Lung
Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Pancreas
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer
Osteosarcoma - Childhood and Adolescence
Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Peritoneal Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Parathyroid Cancer
Penile Cancer
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Pituitary Gland Tumor
Pleuropulmonary Blastoma - Childhood
Prostate Cancer
Retinoblastoma - Childhood
Rhabdomyosarcoma - Childhood
Salivary Gland Cancer
Sarcoma - Kaposi
Sarcoma, Soft Tissue
Sarcomas of Specific Organs
Skin Cancer (Non-Melanoma)
Small Bowel Cancer
Stomach Cancer
Testicular Cancer
Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma
Thyroid Cancer
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Unknown Primary
Uterine Cancer
Vaginal Cancer
Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome
Vulvar Cancer
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia
Werner Syndrome
Wilms Tumor - Childhood
Xeroderma Pigmentosum

Types of Cancer Treatment

Surgery. When used to treat cancer, surgery is a procedure in which a surgeon removes cancer from your body. ...
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy to Treat Cancer
Targeted Therapy
Hormone Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Precision Medicine