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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
1:46 Causes of Bladder Cancer
2:27 Symptoms of Bladder Cancer
2:43 Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer
4:27 Treatment of Bladder Cancer





Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the tissues of the urinary bladder. It is a disease in which cells grow abnormally and have the potential to spread to other parts of the body. Symptoms include blood in the urine, pain with urination, and low back pain.

Risk factors for bladder cancer include smoking, family history, prior radiation therapy, frequent bladder infections, and exposure to certain chemicals. The most common type is transitional cell carcinoma. Other types include squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis is typically by cystoscopy with tissue biopsies. Staging of the cancer is typically determined by medical imaging such as CT scan and bone scan.

Treatment depends on the stage of the cancer.It may include some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. Surgical options may include transurethral resection, partial or complete removal of the bladder, or urinary diversion.Typical five-year survival rates in the United States are 77%.

Bladder cancer, as of 2015, affects about 3.4 million people globally with 430,000 new cases a year.In 2015 it resulted in 188,000 deaths.Age of onset is most often between 65 and 85 years of age. Males are more often affected than females. In the United States in 2018 81,000 cases and 17,000 deaths are expected making it the 6th most common type of cancer in the region.

All cancer fighters make tough choices. Watch Jennifer Balzano’s story of treatment and her road to recovery.

Surgeon, Armine Smith, from the Brady Urological Institute answers questions about bladder cancer, diagnosis and treatment options available.

At the Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, cancer specialists work together to provide patients with expert care in radiation oncology, urologic surgery, medical oncology, radiology, pathology and research. These leading minds in cancer discuss each patient's case in detail to create a custom, groundbreaking treatment plan.

Questions Answered:
1. How does bladder cancer form? 0:03
2. Are there specific risk factors for bladder cancer? 0:27
3. How is bladder cancer found? 0:44
4. What are the treatment options for bladder cancer? 1:27
5. What is the difference between muscle invasive and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer? 2:56
6. What are the different types of urinary diversions? 3:50
7. How is the diversion chosen? 4:28
8. Do all bladder cancer patients need surgery? 4:51
9. Why should I have bladder cancer treatment at Johns Hopkins 5:22

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New treatment options are greatly needed in Bile Duct Cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). New research led by Dana-Farber's James Cleary, MD, PhD in Cancer Discovery finds FGFR2 deletion may predict clinical benefit to molecularly targeted therapy. Video published April 30, 2021.