UF Health Jacksonville urologist Mark Bandyk, MD, discusses the risk factors, warning signs, diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. UF Health Urology – Jacksonville combines exceptional care and the resources of an academic health center to help improve the quality of our patients’ lives. Our specialists are experts in diagnosing and treating a variety of urological conditions, including adult male and female general urology, erectile dysfunction services, genitourinary oncology, vasectomy and more.

Visit https://ufhealthjax.org/urology/ for more information and to make an appointment.

Cystectomy is the surgical removal of the urinary bladder.

Find more reliable information on cystectomy at EAU Patient Information: https://patients.uroweb.org/cystectomy/

Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is the surgical removal (resection) of bladder tumours.

Find more reliable information on TURBT at EAU Patient Information: https://patients.uroweb.org/turbt/

Urologic oncologist Armine Smith discusses what you need to know about bladder cancer in women, answering common questions such as how bladder cancer is detected and treated. Dr. Smith also explains the importance of organ preservation surgical techniques for women with bladder cancer.
For more information on bladder cancer treatment at Johns Hopkins, visit www.hopkinsmedicine.org/GBCI.

Questions Answered
0:10 How is bladder cancer detected in women?
0:32 What are the risk factors for women?
1:24 How is bladder cancer treated in women?
2:21 What is a radical cystectomy for women?
3:06 What are the benefits of organ preservation?
3:42 What is a urethrectomy?
4:36 What does recovery look like for women who undergo radical cystectomy surgery?
5:30 What additional support is available to women with bladder cancer?
6:07 What makes the women's bladder cancer program unique?

There are several types of bladder cancer, and treatment depends on where the cancer began and the stage of disease. In this video, Dr. Petros Grivas and Dr. Jonathan Wright discuss what people diagnosed with bladder cancer should know, including questions to ask their doctor, current treatment options, and the latest research in bladder cancer.

More Information
Bladder Cancer
https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/bladder-cancer

ASCO Answers Fact Sheet: Bladder Cancer (PDF; 2 pages) https://www.cancer.net/sites/c....ancer.net/files/asco

What are the signs and symptoms of bladder cancer? Dana-Farber's Matthew Mossanen, MD talks about who is most at risk, bladder cancer's symptoms, and how it is diagnosed. Learn more about the Genitourinary Cancer Treatment Center at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute here: https://www.dana-farber.org/ge....nitourinary-cancer-t

Dan Reznicek MD, a Urologist in Bellingham Washington, covers the basics of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer is common and is one of the top 5 cancers diagnosed every year in the US. In addition to this video, see resources available at www.nccn.org, www.bcan.org, and visit our website at www.pacificnorthwesturology.com.

Basics:
What is bladder cancer?
How does bladder cancer happen?
What are the symptoms?
What is the workup?
How is it treated?

What is bladder cancer?
Bladder cancer is a the development of a group of cells in the lining of the bladder that begin to grow and divide uncontrollably. They are in the urothelium of the bladder.

What is the urothelium
This layer prevents you from reabsorbing the salts in the urine and the waste products that have been excreted. It is also a barrier from bacteria and infection.

The vast majority of bladder cancers in this country come from the lining of the urothelium and are known as urothelial carcinoma. Historically, it was also called transitional carcinoma.
The other bladder cancers that will not be covered in this video are small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. These are quite rare, and their outcomes and treatments are different from urothelial carcinoma.


Risk factors include smoking, male sex, and exposures to certain chemicals used in the dye and textile industry.

What are symptoms of bladder cancer?

Most people are diagnosed with bladder cancer after seeing blood in the urine (also called hematuria). Sometimes your urine may look normal, but blood is seen on a urine test at your doctor’s office and that is called microscopic hematuria. See a doctor if you note blood in your urine.

Usually there is no pain with bladder cancer in early stages. In some people, they can develop irritative voiding symptoms such as burning with urination, more frequent urination, difficulty urinating or a weak stream, and the sudden urge to urinate. These symptoms will seem like a urinary tract infection but no bacteria is seen on a culture. These symptoms are less common but can occur.

If bladder cancer is caught late and spread to other areas of the body, patients may experience back pain, weight loss, tiredness, swelling, bone pain, and other symptoms.


What is the workup?

A medical history and perform a physical exam. Other tests that may be performed include urine tests with a culture, cancer markers, or microscopic exam. Imaging tests such as a CT scan, Ultrasound, or MRI may be recommended. A cystoscopy should be performed if bladder cancer is suspected or possible.

How is it treated?
Treatment depends on the stage of the cancer. TNM staging of bladder cancer is covered in the video.

Cancers that are in the lining of the bladder alone are known as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). These are treated with endoscopic removal (transurethral resection of a bladder tumor [TURBT]) and may require further local therapies with drugs instilled into the bladder.

Some cancers involve the muscle of the bladder and require further treatment. Muscle invasive bladder cancer is treated with surgery, chemoradiation, or a combination of therapies. If left untreated, muscle invasive bladder cancer can be deadly and we highly recommend treatment.

Metastatic cancer is less common and describes bladder cancer that has spread beyond the bladder and into other organs. 4% of cancers are diagnosed at this stage. At this point in time, metastatic bladder cancer is incurable, but new treatments are being discovered each year. Treatments at this stage are focused on slowing the cancer growth and lengthening survival.