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Difference between Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma and Hemangioblastoma l Neuro Radiology l
#neuroradiology #brainimaging #astrocytoma
In this video, we have discussed the Difference between Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma and Hemangioblastoma.
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Astrocytoma is a type of cancer that develops in the brain or spinal cord. The process begins in the cells that support nerve cells, called astrocytes. The growth rate of some astrocytoma's can be very slow, while others can be very aggressive. Astrocytoma's are classified from grade 1(most benign) to grade 4(most malignant).
Dr. Sushama Patil, MD (Surgical Pathology & Neuropathology), Sr. Consultant & HOD, Laboratory Services, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, discusses Astrocytoma grading.
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Brain Harvesting (AUTOPSY) - https://youtu.be/CPX_tUC2H_w
Intra OP Consultation Indications - https://youtu.be/QxcPHEbYpj4
Importance of Neuroradiology - https://youtu.be/MGBxcl7GUiU
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Image based discussion with must know points for Pathology University exams and PG entrance exams - NEET PG,NIMHANS,AIIMS
Link to Pt 2- https://youtu.be/Ml8A9wx0XOQ
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This is a summary of the major tumors of the nervous system.
I created this presentation with Google Slides.
Image were created or taken from Wikimedia Commons
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor.
ADDITIONAL TAGS:
Medulloblastoma
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Diffuse astrocytoma
Anaplastic astrocytoma
Glioblastoma
Oligodendrogliomas
Ependymomas
Meningiomas
Neurofibromas
Schwannomas
By James Heilman, MD - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=16
Embryonal tumor
Meningeal tumor
Peripheral tumor
Astrocytoma
Gliomas
Medulloblastoma
Grade IV malignant tumor
Arises from external granular layer in cerebellum
Histo: small round blue cells; Homer-Wright rosettes; mitotically active
Located in the cerebellum
Can drop metastases to seed the CSF
Well-circumscribed (non diffuse, solid)
By Jensflorian - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Neuroblast
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Grade I
Imaging: Solid nodule with cystic component
Common in cerebellum, hypothalamus, and optic nerve
Well-circumscribed (non diffuse)
Histo: Rosenthal fibers, eosinophilic granular bodies
BRAF mutation
Tumor in hypthalmic region - By The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology - http://peir2.path.uab.edu/scripts/acdis.dll?cmd=see&fp=/dbih/AFIP/00405615.tif&fmt=jpg&q=100&h=512, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=61
ROSENTHAL FIBERS - By Marvin 101 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=57
Diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma
Diffuse astrocytoma
Grade II malignant tumor
Diffuse
Most common in cerebral hemispheres
Histo: hypercellular
Molecular: no 1p/19p codeletion
Anaplastic astrocytoma
Grade III malignant tumor
Diffuse
Common location is cerebral hemispheres
Histo: hypercellular, increased mitotic activity
Molecular: no 1p/19p codeletion
Glioblastoma
Grade IV malignant tumor
Diffuse, infiltrative mass
Common location is cerebral hemispheres
Ring enhancement on imaging; internal necrosis
Histo: hypercellular, increased mitotic activity, microvascular proliferation, necrotizing, pseudopalisading
Molecular: EGFR, PTEN
Ring enhancing- By Christaras A - Created myself from anonymized patient MR, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=12
Hypercellularity - By No machine-readable author provided. KGH assumed (based on copyright claims). - No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=51
Oligodendrogliomas
Grade II-III malignant tumor
Common location is cerebral hemispheres
Histo: hypercellular, perinuclear halo (fried-egg appearance), negative for astrocyte marker
Molecular: 1p/19q co-deletions
Perinuclear halo - By Nephron - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=74
Ependymomas
Grade II-III malignant tumor
Common in cerebellum and spinal cord
Well-circumscribed (non diffuse)
Can drop metastases to seed the CSF
Histo: perivascular rosettes, ependymal rosettes
Rosettes - By Nephron - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=10
meningiomas
Grade I benign tumor
Tumor of adults, not children
More common in females
Might respond to hormone growth (progesterone/estrogen receptors)
Dural tails; extra-axial location
Can invade bone and less-commonly brain
Histo: cellular whorls, psammoma bodies (calcium deposits)
Whorls - By Nephron - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=10
Dural tails
By Glitzy queen00 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I....mage:Contrast_enhanc Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=23
Neurofibromas
Associated with neurofibromatosis type I
Cafe-au-lait spots, lisch nodules in eye
Histo: “shredded carrot appearance†of collagen strands
Lisch nodules - By Dimitrios Malamos - Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=45
Histo - By No machine-readable author provided. KGH assumed (based on copyright claims). - No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=44
Schwannomas
Can be associated with NF2
Histo:
verocay bodies (palisading cells surrounding acellular zone)
biphasic neoplasm with Antoni A (hypercellular) and Antoni B (hypocellular) regions
Common: Vestibular schwannoma (aka acoustic neuroma) from CN VIII
Hearing problems and disequilibrium
Medulloblastoma
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Diffuse astrocytoma
Anaplastic astrocytoma
Glioblastoma
Oligodendrogliomas
Ependymomas
Meningiomas
Neurofibromas
Schwannomas
Biphasic histo - By Nephron - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=17
