How To Diagnose Peritoneal Mesothelioma? - What Are the Symptoms of Peritoneal Mesothelioma?

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07/02/23

How To Diagnose Peritoneal Mesothelioma?
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What Is Peritoneal Mesothelioma?

Peritoneal mesothelioma is a form of cancer caused by asbestos. When asbestos fibers are ingested or inhaled, they can become embedded in the lining of the abdomen. Research suggests the fibers reach the abdominal lining through the digestive or lymphatic systems.

Peritoneal mesothelioma is the second-most common form of mesothelioma cancer, accounting for about 15 – 20% of all diagnoses.
Each year, about 500 people are diagnosed with the disease.
Common symptoms include abdominal pain and swelling, weight loss and fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity.
Diagnosis consists of a series of tests, including imaging tests, blood tests and biopsies.
Peritoneal mesothelioma is treated with surgery, heated chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Peritoneal mesothelioma prognosis may vary depending on an individual’s case, with life expectancy ranging from two to six years.

What Is the Prognosis for Peritoneal Mesothelioma?

The life expectancy for peritoneal malignant mesothelioma cancer is more favorable than other types of malignant mesothelioma.

Peritoneal mesothelioma prognosis may vary depending on an individual’s case, with life expectancy ranging from two to six years. More patients are surviving five years or longer with advancements in treatment.

Survival of Peritoneal Mesothelioma Patients Treated With CRS + HIPEC.

1-year survival - 86%
2-year survival - 77%
3-year survival - 59%
5-year survival - 59%

Several factors can influence an individual patient’s prognosis, including:

Cell type (histopathology).
Tumor size and staging.
Gender and age of the patient.

Epithelioid cell type is most common in peritoneal mesothelioma. It is slower to metastasize (spread) and responds more favorably to treatment, with a median life expectancy of 54 months.

A small percentage of peritoneal malignant mesothelioma patients are diagnosed with sarcomatoid cell type. This type can metastasize quickly and does not respond well to treatment. Peritoneal mesothelioma patients diagnosed with this cell type have an average survival of 4.6 months.

What Are the Symptoms of Peritoneal Mesothelioma?

Peritoneal mesothelioma symptoms can take 10 – 50 years to appear after an individual inhales or ingests asbestos fibers. The fibers become lodged in the peritoneum, the lining of the abdomen, which leads to irritation and scar-tissue buildup. These damaged cells can develop into tumors and cause symptoms.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma Symptoms.

Abdominal pain.
Abdominal swelling.
Anorexia/weight loss.
Fever with no known origin.
Fluid in the peritoneal cavity (peritoneal effusion).
Hypercoagulability (blood clotting).
Inflammatory lesions.
Intestinal obstruction.
Night sweats.

For most patients, early peritoneal mesothelioma symptoms will typically present in the abdomen or gastrointestinal system. Patients may also experience systemic symptoms, such as weight loss, which can further complicate diagnosis.

Resources for Peritoneal Mesothelioma Patients.

How Is Peritoneal Mesothelioma Diagnosed?

A peritoneal mesothelioma diagnosis consists of a series of tests. Diagnosis often starts with imaging tests, like CT scans and X-rays. These tests can rule out more common diseases and other forms of cancer, like adenocarcinoma and ovarian cancer.

If a tumor is detected through imaging tests, a doctor will order blood tests to identify biomarkers that can further differentiate mesothelioma from other cancers.

Biopsies are the only way to confirm a peritoneal mesothelioma diagnosis. A doctor will take a fluid or tissue sample to confirm the cancer. The biopsy can also identify cell type and mesothelioma progression.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma Stages.

When diagnosing peritoneal mesothelioma, a doctor will also determine the stage of the cancer. Although there is no well-defined staging system for peritoneal malignant mesothelioma, doctors may identify the advancement of the disease with relevant criteria. For example, doctors may identify if the cancer has metastasized to other organs or lymph nodes.

In some cases, doctors may also rely on a tool called the Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI), developed for abdominal cancers. With this method, the abdominal region is split into 13 distinct sections and scored on a scale of 0 – 3 based on the presence and size of tumors.

How To Diagnose Peritoneal Mesothelioma? - What Are the Symptoms of Peritoneal Mesothelioma?
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