What is Astrocytoma Tumor?
What is Astrocytoma Tumor? Dr Arun L Naik discusses the topic in this video. Astrocytoma is a type of Brain tumor. It arises from astrocytes cells which are the main supporting cells of our nervous system. This is also called a glioma.
What are the Symptoms of astrocytoma?
Symptoms depend on the size and location of the tumor. headaches, nausea and vomiting are common especially during early mornings. Many of my patients also have a seizure or convulsion. Other symptoms include behavioural changes, weakness, speech problems or blurred vision. Some patients have speech arrest or language dysfunction.
Warning signs of brain tumors are seizures and paralysis. What causes a brain tumor: cause is not known.
How to diagnose astrocytoma?
An MRI is a best modality to study the brain tumors including the size extent and spread of the tumor.
How to treat astrocytoma?
For astrocytomas , surgery is the main stay of treatment. The main goal of surgery is to remove as much of the tumor as possible without injuring the normal brain, especially eloquent brain areas.
There are many technologies available in big neurological centers.
Operative microscope:
Intra operative fluorescence study:
Neuronavigation:
Complete removal has been shown to have a benefit on patient survival. Tumors that are in inaccessible locations i do a stereotactic biopsy in order to make the diagnosis.
What happens after surgery?
We wait for histopathological and genetic studies. Once we have the biopsy report, we can categorise astrocytomas in to 4 grades. Grade 1 tumors tend to be very benign and more common in children, while Grade II tumors tend to be indolent, slow-growing tumors in young adults who present with a seizure. Grade III and IV tumors are more aggressive seen in adults.
Grade I tumors are cured if total tumor is removed. Grade III and IV astrocytomas are considered malignant gliomas, or brain cancers and are treated with addition of radiation therapy that goes on for six weeks, with concurrent chemotherapy. The standard treatments are administered five days a week, for six weeks. Chemotherapy is generally in the form of an oral medication (Temozolomide) that is well tolerated. Despite the best treatments with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, almost all Grade IV tumors recur again.
Recently many newer modalities like immune therapy, targeted therapy etc are evolved which increase the survival in these patients. Therefore, it is essential for a patient to be under the care of a multidisciplinary neuro-oncology team, so they can be provided with state-of-the-art treatment at each stage. I have a highly skilled team of oncologists who work seamlessly with my team to provide my patients with optimal uptodate care and treatment.
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References for the medical info of the video can be found here
1.Hongxiang Wang, Tao Xu. The Challenges and the Promise of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Malignant Gliomas. Neoplasia. 2015 Mar; 17(3): 239–255.
2.Jaishri O. Blakeley, Stephen Joel Coons. Clinical outcome assessment in malignant glioma trials: measuring signs, symptoms, and functional limitations. Neuro Oncol. 2016 Mar; 18(Suppl 2): ii13–ii20.
3.Sadahiro Kaneko, Sadao Kaneko. Fluorescence-Guided Resection of Malignant Glioma with 5-ALA. Int J Biomed Imaging. 2016; 2016: 6135293.
4.Gregory J. Baker, Viveka Nand Yadav. Mechanisms of Glioma Formation: Iterative Perivascular Glioma Growth and Invasion Leads to Tumor Progression, VEGF-Independent Vascularization, and Resistance to Antiangiogenic Therapy. Neoplasia. 2014 Jul; 16(7): 543–561.
5.Anda-Alexandra Calinescu, Neha Kamran. Overview of current immunotherapeutic strategies for glioma. Immunotherapy. 2015 Oct; 7(10): 1073–1104.
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