Pituitary Tumor - part 1 | In Hindi | Mera Physio

What is Pituitary Tumor?
Pituitary tumors are abnormal growths that develop in your pituitary gland. Some pituitary tumors result in too much of the hormones that regulate important functions of your body.
Some pituitary tumors can cause your pituitary gland to produce lower levels of hormones.

Most pituitary tumors are noncancerous (benign) growths (adenomas). Adenomas remain in your pituitary gland or surrounding tissues and don't spread to other parts of your body.
There are various options for treating pituitary tumors, including removing the tumor, controlling its growth and managing your hormone levels with medications. Your doctor may recommend observation — or a ''wait and see'' approach.

What are the causes of Pituitary Tumor?
The cause of uncontrolled cell growth in the pituitary gland, which creates a tumor, remains unknown.
The pituitary gland is a small, bean-shaped gland situated at the base of your brain, somewhat behind your nose and between your ears.
Despite its small size, the gland influences nearly every part of your body.
The hormones it produces help regulate important functions, such as growth, blood pressure and reproduction.
A small percentage of pituitary tumor cases run in families, but most have no apparent hereditary factor. Still, scientists suspect that genetic alterations play an important role in how pituitary tumors develop.

What are the signs and symptoms of pituitary tumors?
Not all pituitary tumors cause symptoms. Sometimes they are identified incidentally on an imaging test such as an MRI or CT performed for some other reason. Pituitary tumors that make hormones (functioning) can cause a variety of signs and symptoms depending on the hormone they produce.
The signs and symptoms of pituitary tumors that don't make hormones (nonfunctioning) are related to their growth and the pressure they put on other structures.
Large pituitary tumors — those measuring about 1 centimeter (slightly less than a half-inch) or larger — are known as macroadenomas. Smaller tumors are called microadenomas. Because of the size of macroadenomas, they can put pressure on the normal pituitary gland and nearby structures.

What are the Signs and symptoms related to tumor pressure?
Signs and symptoms of pressure from a pituitary tumor may include:
Headache
Vision loss, particularly loss of peripheral vision
Symptoms related to hormone level changes
Deficiency
Large tumors could cause hormonal deficiencies. Signs and symptoms include:
Nausea and vomiting
Less frequent or no menstrual periods
Sexual dysfunction
Increased amount of urine
Unintended weight loss or gain
Over functioning-
Functioning pituitary tumors cause an overproduction of hormones. Different types of functioning tumors in your pituitary gland cause specific signs and symptoms and sometimes a combination of them.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting (ACTH) tumors-
tumors produce the hormone adrenocorticotropin, which stimulates your adrenal glands to make the hormone cortisol. Cushing syndrome results from your adrenal glands producing too much cortisol. Possible signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome include:
Fat accumulation around your midsection and upper back
Exaggerated facial roundness
Thinning of the arms and legs with muscle weakness
High blood pressure
High blood sugar

Complications of Pituitary tumors ?
Pituitary tumors usually don't grow or spread extensively. However, they can affect your health, possibly causing-
Vision loss. A pituitary tumor can put pressure on the optic nerves.
Permanent hormone deficiency. The presence of a pituitary tumor or the removal of one may permanently alter your hormone supply, which may need to be replaced with hormone medications.
A rare but potentially serious complication of a pituitary tumor is pituitary apoplexy, when sudden bleeding into the tumor occurs. It feels like the most severe headache you've ever had. Pituitary apoplexy requires emergency treatment, usually with corticosteroids and possibly surgery.
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