Cancers of the lung

This is a short video describing the four most common carcinomas of the lung.

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ADDITIONAL TAGS:
Cancers of the lung
The most common carcinomas that originate in the lung parenchyma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma
Small-cell carcinoma
Non-small-cell
carcinomas

Squamous cell carcinoma
Smokers (98%)
Often arises centrally/proximally in larger bronchi more than peripheral lung
Occurs in bronchi more than larynx and trachea bc flow more turbulent
Associated with hypercalcemia (secretes PTH-like cmpd); causing weakness, dehydration, AMS
Might see desmosomes and/or keratin accumulation (keratin pearls)
Can cause obstruction of airway, atelectasis, collapse of lung
Can invade lymphatics
Can cause clubbing
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma
Small-cell carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma
Most common carcinoma in nonsmokers (but 80% are smokers)
More likely to be peripheral than central/proximal
Might see glands and/or mucin production on histology
Hypertrophic osteoarthritis (HPO) triad has clubbing, long bone swelling, and arthritis
Adenocarcinoma in situ (formerly: "Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma" (BAC))
Lepidic growth pattern, replaces type I pneumocytes, but no invasion of interstitium
Can be solitary nodule, multiple nodules (multifocal, bilateral)
Presents as cough and dyspnea, again +/- mucinous
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma
Small-cell carcinoma

Large-cell undif. carcinoma
Large cells with prominent nuclei
No desmosomes, no keratin, no mucin staining
Expression analysis on cDNA microarray
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma
Small-cell carcinoma

Small-cell carcinoma
Exclusively smokers
Paraneoplastic syndromes:
Secretes hormones: ACTH (can cause Cushing’s), ADH (Na abnormality)
Eaton-Lambert (neurologic disorder)
Fast-growing, rapid progression, early metastases, often high stage at presentation
Highly responsive to chemo/rad treatment
Limited → Extensive staging as metastasis outside of hemithorax
High N/C ratios, frequent mitotic figures, high percentage of cells in division, salt and pepper chromatin, cells aren’t that small
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma
Small-cell carcinoma

• Category

  Lung Cancer - Small Cell